tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56764845550906724852024-02-08T09:29:32.276-08:00College english essaysControversial Science Topics For Research Paperbessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-69140779274054985532020-08-24T12:55:00.001-07:002020-08-24T12:55:09.389-07:00The Differences in Nonverbal Communication between Men and Women in the WorkplacesThe Differences in Nonverbal Communication among Men and Women in the Workplaces Nonverbal correspondence involves the utilization body articulations, developments and signals that mean a specific angle. Nonverbal correspondence assumes a significant job in passing data starting with one individual then onto the next. For compelling correspondence to occur, the two gatherings ought to have the option to disentangle the nonverbal signs involved.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Differences in Nonverbal Communication among Men and Women in the Workplaces explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, one must be well outfitted with the important information to empower him/her to recognize a given nonverbal prompt just as comprehend the message appended to that specific motion. People have distinctive outward appearances just as changed motions most definitely. This paper investigates the distinctions in nonverbal correspondence among people in the working environments. Nonverbal prompts uncover ones feelings as well as will in general uncover all the basic thought processes of the individual being referred to. By and large, they uncover dread, bliss, genuineness, hesitation just as dissatisfaction among others. The least complex motions like the way colleagues stand or go into a room normally say a lot about perspectives, for example, their certainty, self-esteem and validity (Bryon, 2007, p. 720). A few practices additionally uncover peopleââ¬â¢s plan than they may understand. For example, one accidentally passes data by the manner in which they sit, look and even remain among othes. Nonverbal correspondence happens in an assortment of ways, for example, eye developments, outward appearances and body stances. Eye to eye connection is a typical nonverbal correspondence perspective. It is made through a progression of looks by one gathering (the speaker) to guarantee that the other party (audience) has comprehended or to gage responses. The audience utilizes eye to eye connection to show thei r enthusiasm for the speakerââ¬â¢s words or movement. In any case, people carry on in an unexpected way. Most men will in general gaze toward the finish of expressions dissimilar to ladies who will in any case hold their eye to eye connection. As indicated by Espito, ladies use eye to eye connection more than their male partners do particularly as an indication of a slacking discussion (2007, p. 102). They do as such by turning away to give more consideration to others and items inside their region. For example, when a lady looks at her watch, looks vacantly into the separation, or outwardly filters the room, she is giving unmistakable signs with her eyes that she has, in actuality, quit tuning in (Gorman, 2008, p. 44). Most ladies will in general talk about business related issues utilizing a social look rather than a business look. A business look involves putting oneââ¬â¢s eyes at the mid temple of the audience. As a rule, it resembles a nonexistent triangle with the eyes a t the base and the pinnacle at the mid brow. When one keeps their look around there, they nonverbally signal straightforward, efficient approach.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on sexual orientation examines? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the fanciful triangle is upset, one moves their concentration from the eyes to the mouth-a social look. Men have demonstrated to be acceptable at the business look instead of their female partners in the work places. Gorman contends that ladies should know that to be paid attention to in business cooperations, a business look has the most effect (2008, p. 52). At the point when men gaze at somebody in a business setting, their sole goal is to challenge force or status, which isn't the situation with ladies. Ladies for the most part take part in more eye to eye connection when holding a discussion. Notwithstanding, men don't look. Another angle that recognizes the two sexual o rientations most definitely is that ladies are normally bound to be hindered when eye to eye connection isn't kept up with the other party contrasted with men. People contrast in their mollifying practices that assist them with managing their pressure. Contacting or scouring oneââ¬â¢s neck is one of the most noteworthy and successive mollifying reactions to interior as well as outside stressors. Men may pull their neckline as a backhanded method to get more ââ¬Ëbreathing spaceââ¬â¢. They additionally express their worry by stroking themselves under the jawline over the Adamââ¬â¢s apple just as pulling at the plump piece of their neck. Research has demonstrated that the beefy piece of the neck is rich with nerve endings that, when stroked, lessen circulatory strain, bring down the pulse and quiet the person down. Ladies placate by contacting their necks uniquely in contrast to men do. They now and again contact or contort the pieces of jewelry that they may be wearing. Fu rthermore, they contact or spread the empty territory directly underneath the Adamââ¬â¢s apple when they feel compromised, frightful or restless. Generally, male administrators will in general show their strength in their specialized topic by utilizing blame dispensing which is less inclined to be related with the females. They as a rule use blame dealing in gatherings, arrangements or meetings. As opposed to being an indication of power, forceful blame dealing (with one or four fingers) recommends that the individual is losing control of the circumstance. The situation of the legs is additionally a significant sign most definitely. At the point when men sit with their legs open, they connote an open prevailing demeanor. A crossed leg position for men as a rule connotes vulnerability. The inverse is valid for ladies crossed leg positions show an open predominant mentality in ladies. Sitting with legs separated in open gatherings is a particularly manly sign that shows a significa nt level of solace and certainty. The plan of intersection ones legs is additionally a noteworthy perspective in understanding the nonverbal signs of the two people. Intersection legs at the knee with the toes loose is the typical choice for ladies. Then again, most men normally loosen up their legs and cross them freely at the lower legs. Intersection one leg and laying it on the other thigh (with the goal that one knee opens up) is an extremely manly position that stories up a lot of room and signals that the individual being referred to is certain about himself and of his place in the group.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Differences in Nonverbal Communication among Men and Women in the Workplaces explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oneââ¬â¢s strolling style says a lot about their certainty. Men will in general land soundly behind them and move toward the bundles of their feet. Then again, ladies get their weight forward-â⬠Ëoff their heelsââ¬â¢. A few ladies, in articulation of their certainty, really stroll on the bundles of their feet. Another perspective that depicts ones certainty if the manner in which they welcome others particularly through a handshake. Men don't join a great deal of criticalness to the manner in which they welcome others, in this manner it probably won't mean a lot to the beneficiaries. Then again, in ladies, a strong handshake is an indication of fearlessness. They establish a decent connection because of their certainty just as emphaticness. The measure of room required to feel good in work relations (when holding discussions) changes with people as well as with sexual orientation. Men who don't have any acquaintance with one another well will in general keep a more prominent separation between them than ladies who have quite recently met. The distinction in the relational separation as controlled by sexual orientation is even obvious in Web 2.0 virtual online universes where a significant number of the standards that oversee individual space in the physical world can be found in the virtual world. By and large, ladies will in general methodology others closer than men do. Moreover, they favor next to each other cooperations while men lean toward eye to eye discussions (Pathi, 2008, p. 110). The measure of room given to a person in the work environment implies their status. Space for the most part shows strength and administration. The higher the expert status a representative has, the more space the individual is regularly granted. Sexual orientation contrasts can't be distinguished in such a setting. Nonetheless, guys and females carry on contrastingly with regards to taking space during gatherings. Less sure men will in general draw in rather than their less sure female partners. Then again, certain ladies will in general keep their materials on the work area in one perfect heap while the men typically spread out their papers on the table. Both are taken as nonverbal articulations for their predominance just as certainty. While entering gatherings with a high status, female workers have a more prominent levelheadedness than men do. Before going into the room where the gathering is being held, most male workers will frequently change their coat, contact their hair or make different acclimations to what they look like. Notwithstanding, some female representatives show such a behavior.Advertising Searching for examine paper on sexual orientation contemplates? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Ladies favor significant levels of nonverbal correspondence than men. Menââ¬â¢s nonverbal conduct related with strength and force. The vast majority of womenââ¬â¢s facial and body movements signal cordiality and congeniality. Then again, such movements show more reservation and control in men. Research as demonstrated that the motivation behind why most ladies are receptionists is that they grin in any event, when they are distraught. Then again, it is difficult for men to show their feelings through grinning. Furthermore, ladies utilize outward appearances a great deal to send as well as to get messages. Despite what might be expected, men don't utilize outward appearances so much. Trustworthiness is one of the basic beliefs of most associations in the contemporary society. In any case, a few workers may not generally be straightforward. Nonverbal signals have been end up being successful in identifying lies in such cases. For example, men bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-13205391855510825462020-08-22T01:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:22:27.298-07:00Marketing and Management Co-operative DairiesQuestion: Examine about the Marketing and Management Co-employable Dairies. Answer: Presentation The Fonterra Co-employable Group Limited is claimed by the agreeable dairy organizations and by the ranchers of the nation. The foundation of the organization occurred in 2001 after the deregulation that was finished by the legislature. This aided in blending the biggest dairy organizations of New Zealand, which were New Zealand Dairy Group and Kiwi Co-employable Dairies. The organization presently has its essence felt in excess of hundred organizations and is probably the biggest exporter of dairy on the planet. The base camp of the organization is situated in Auckland, New Zealand and has in excess of thirty assembling locales, which is disseminated around the nation. The organization right now utilizes around 22,000 representatives who work for the association and encourages the organization to accomplish the ideal targets (McGiven, 2016). Results of the organization The organization gathers milk from the providers who are principally the ranchers and expends around 17 billion liters consistently, which is around 87 percent of the creation of milk in New Zealand. It likewise gains 4.9 billion liters milk from outside the nation through different ranchers and the joint endeavors that the organization has with others. The milk is then handled and made in to different items, which shifts from milk powder to frozen yogurt. The items are then bundled and appropriated the nation over and on a worldwide scale. It is seen that the creating nations are progressively disposed towards high nourishment and brands that are related with wellbeing and favor the items, for example, Anlene and Anmum. The created nations lean toward items like Anchor and Tip Top, which can be separated by its taste. Different items that are delivered by Fonterra are Calci Yum, Country Soft, De Winkel, Fresh n Fruity, Galaxy, Ferndale, Primo and Kapiti to give some examples. The or ganization makes different dairy items that incorporate milk, spread, frozen yogurt, bread, cheddar, yogurt, and milk powder (Sneddon et al., 2015). Vision The vision of the organization is to give sustenance that is picked up by dairy normally to everyone, regular and anyplace. Strategic The strategic the organization is to extend its activity all inclusive and recognize the territories that have high qualities for request in milk with the goal that the organization can without much of a stretch accomplish the objectives. Objectives The objective of the organization is to construct solid connections, which will keep going for a long haul with the accomplices and keep up the tasks from the base degree of the association. Objective The goal of the organization is to build the business volume and making more qualities by recognizing new markets where it can work and address the issues of the customers concerning necessities in dairy (Addison Esar, 2013). Natural Scanning: SWOT Analysis Strengths The organization has a consistent and made sure about gracefully of milk from the different ranchers in New Zealand. The ranchers have the trust in the organization in view of the long-standing relationship that the organization keeps up with the partners. The organization has converged with other dairy organizations that is available in New Zealand so the flexibly chain of the organization can be expanded and the assets that are accessible in different organizations can be used completely (Langford, 2013). Since, the clients of New Zealand devour enormous amounts of dairy items, it encourages the organization to sell effectively the items that they are fabricating. The organization employs staffs that are most ideally equipped appropriate for the activity in the organization. The representatives are apportioned the employments that they are sufficiently qualified to do and place their aptitude in full impact. Along these lines the organization does the administration of the representatives effectively (Harris Gibb, 2016). Shortcoming The organization keeps up a decent connection with the ranchers who flexibly them the milk for assembling the various items. The contenders can offer a superior cost for the milk and drop the agreement that the ranchers and providers have with Fonterra (Langford, 2013). The unions that the organization made with the two unique organizations has made the covering of the assets that the organization has. This has made the effectiveness of the workers to decrease and is found in the creation procedure of the organization. The foundation and the movement of the assembling locales are taking overwhelming tolls from the perspective of the organization. As the crude materials are short-lived in nature, the reliance on the atmosphere and the environment is a main consideration for the organization as they are excessively solid on it. These elements assume a significant job in hampering the efficiency level of the organization (Harris Gibb, 2016). Openings Since, the organization has altruism in various nations over the globe; the section to new markets won't make any boundary for them. This will assist the organization with gaining access in any market that they need to target (Langford, 2013). The World Trade Organization (WTO) through different dealings has made the cost lower from the perspective of the providers, which encourages the organization to buy the crude materials at a less expensive cost. The organization can expand the brand personality by having a perfect green picture, which will add more qualities to its items before the clients. This picture will help the organization in selling more items and augmenting its benefits (Harris Gibb, 2016). Dangers The organization while going worldwide may confront rivalry from the nearby providers where they will expand the expense of the crude materials with the goal that the organization can't buy it. Along these lines, the nearby organizations will limit the passage of Fonterra in the market. The contenders who flexibly dairy items on a nearby scale may adopt a worldwide strategy, which will hamper the business action of Fonterra (Langford, 2013). The media and the legitimate customs of certain nations are extremely convoluted, which will make the organization to defer in their exercises of delivering the items in that nation. The organization needs to depend on the trade paces of the money that they wish to pick up passage. Since, the rates vacillate consistently the organization should change the costs of the items in like manner, which will make them in having a negative brand picture before the clients (Harris Gibb, 2016). PESTEL Analysis: Political The legislature of the nation has given rules to have a sound eating routine by devouring more dairy items. The organization will have increasingly potential in the sending out market because of the new exchange understandings that has occurred in the nation with the organization. There has been an expansion in the pressure between the ideological groups and the exchange understandings between New Zealand and different nations, which may hamper the deals of the organization. The abroad system has expanded the duties on the imported merchandise, which has empowered the neighborhood organizations to flourish (Patemoster, 2015). Practical The downturns and the money related emergency on a worldwide scale has seen a diminishing in the interest of the sent out merchandise. The consistent change in the trade rates influences the organization decidedly or contrarily. The fares of the merchandise may become less expensive or costly relying upon the paces of different nations. The loan costs in the nation are high, which straightforwardly influences the ranchers who flexibly milk to the organization. It can limit the speculations on a long haul, which will bring about low efficiency of the organization (Pham Duy Chau, 2015). Socio-social The expansion or decline in the birth rate and the future of the individuals in the residential and abroad market will influence the offer of milk items for the organization. Various individuals are having the option to distinguish that they are lactose narrow minded, which influences the deals of the organization. The buyers are progressively changing their preferences and personal conduct standard that is they are moving their concentration from milk items to foods grown from the ground home grown teas (Lee et al., 2012). Mechanical The enhancements in foundation regarding transportation will see an expansion in the items to be circles at a diminished expense. This will help in fulfilling the clients and reduction the measure of wastage and shrinkage for the organization. The organization can utilize inventive thoughts in bundling their items so the USP of the organization is kept up in the business sectors (Pham Duy Chau, 2015). Ecological The organization is vigorously reliant on the climate. On the off chance that there are any cataclysmic events, which brings about flooding or some other debacles can influence the soundness of the dairy animals bringing about low quality of milk. The steers might be acquainted with illnesses or bugs, which may influence the milk quality and cause passings in the group. The organization needs to see that the milk that is being utilized is from the bovines that are liberated from infections (Patemoster, 2015). Lawful The Health and Safety in Employment Act has been corrected, which will influence the laborers in the ranch vigorously. The Dairy Industry Restructuring Agreement guarantees that the ranchers are allowed to join and leave the organization and sees that the cost paid for the milk is reasonable. The organization is limited under Raw Milk Regulations, which sees that a specific segment of the milk is accessible to the neighborhood processors and has the option to get to the budgetary data of the organization (Lee et al., 2012). Five Forces of Porter: New Entrants Since the legislature has deregulated the market structure in the nation, it makes the country an individual from the facilitated commerce economy. This will pull in the outside organizations, which will give hardened rivalry to the organization. The new members have a worldwide presentation, which will build the cost of the portions of Fonterra in the fare showcase (Peet, 2012). Provider Fonterra has a drawn out relationship with the ranchers of the organization, which causes them in getting the new flexibly of the milk from them. Along these lines, the organization has a bit of leeway of buying the milk at a lower cost on a worldwide scale too. This gives an opportun bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-90378601279941569442020-07-20T21:48:00.001-07:002020-07-20T21:48:04.065-07:00The Broke Persons Guide to DatingThe Broke Persons Guide to Dating The Broke Persons Guide to Dating The Broke Persons Guide to DatingThere are a lot of problems with dating that we cant help you with. But when it comes to dating on the cheap, we totally got you.Dating would be hard, even if it was free. While apps have made it easier than ever to flip through a series of pictures of people who might want to date you, thereâs little guarantee that they will, or that youâll want to date them either. Plus, they might not even be the person that their profile suggests!But one thing dating definitely isnât: free. Unless youâre planning a romantic evening of sitting in your own respective homes and not leaving, youâre going to have to spend some money. So how can you date if youâre broke?Well, we spoke to the experts and got the answers to that very question. Read on, you rent-conscious romantic. Cheaper chow.Whether itâs dinner, lunch, coffee, drinks, or the popcorn at the movies, most dates will probably have some kind of eating or drinking involved. And that can get pric ey pretty quickly, as anyone who regularly eats out will attest.So if you can cut down on food costs youâll be on your way to a more affordable dating life. But cheaper food doesnât have to mean worse dates!âGo for a stroll at a picturesque trail and stop at a spot for a picnic,â suggested Holly Wolf, Director of Customer Engagement for SOLO Laboratories (@SOLO_labs). âThis works in ANY season. Winterâ"a nice thermos of hot soup and hot coffee/tea along with the sandwiches or salads. It shows you put some thought into the idea and walking and talking feels so natural.âShe also suggested scheduling the date earlier in the day: âTake him/her to breakfast or lunch instead of dinner. Breakfast is ideal since you can spend an hour or more and then have the rest of the day free. Or, if its going well, you can linger.âAnd Wolf wasnât the only one to suggest going the picnic route.âGetting creative with food is always key,â recommended Amy Hartle, one of half of th e travel blog Two Drifters (@twodriftersxo). âDining out or drinking out is probably the leading way that money gets spent when dating. These activities are expensive.Fortunately, you can put together an amazing meal at home or an elegant picnic that seems ultra-luxurious but costs less than $30. Cheese, fruit, a baguette, and a mid-tier bottle of prosecco? Pick a beautiful spot and youve got an affordable date that will knock the socks off your date. Bonus: a picnic gives you more privacy than a crowded restaurant, so you can spend more time chatting and getting to know one another.âItâs also vital to learn to cook if you donât already know how.âLearn to cook for your dates at your place,â advised speaker and relationship expert Spike Spencer (@spikespencer). âYou can do amazing things and have all the benefits of a dinner date x 10! Check out Dont Kill Your Date (and Other Cooking Tips) for ideas.âLocal gems.Okay, so youâve eaten, but now you want some other acti vities to do. If you keep an eye out, you can probably find things nearby that are affordable and will provide you the opportunity for nice momentsâ"whether youâre meeting someone for the first time or have already started to build a connection.âVisit your local visitor and convention bureau sites,â Wolf told us. âFind those historical sites you havent visited since you were a kid or perhaps never visited. Mini golf is also a fun and casual way to do something while youre getting to know the person, although the season is ending in the North.ââThere are hundreds of free things going on around your neighborhood,â explained Spencer. âYou just have to find themâ"free museum nights, free movie screenings, interesting free talks/seminars. Take your date there. Use your surroundings. Live in an apartment in the city? Got a rooftop view? Have some wine up there. Live near the woods? Take a walk. Use what you have to the fullest.âHe also advised the discreet use of deal sites: âUtilize social deal sites, Groupon style. You dont have to advertise that you got a deal on the cheap.âItâs the thought.It sounds cliche, but it really is the thought that counts. Whether itâs showing someone that you can do something creative and meaningful early on, or finding ways to show you really know the person once youâve grown closer, money doesnât have to be the main factor in making a good date.Hereâs what Tina B. Tessina (@tinatessina), PhD, psychotherapist and author of How to Be Happy Partners: Working It Out Together, told us: âContrary to what the commercials and media stories would like you to believe, romance doesnt depend on spending money.Instead, get more creative and thoughtful about what really brings you closer together. You can have a great, warm, intimate conversation on your porch over a sandwich and beer. You can walk arm in arm through the park or you can sit on your sofa and gaze into each others eyes.Whats important is listenin g to each other. A shared joke is more important than a fancy restaurant. A sympathetic hug is very bonding. A picnic, homemade dessert after a little theater production, a college ball game, or a free gallery opening can all be lovely, cheap dates. For an extra touch of intimacy, make your romantic moments and gestures private ones.âDonât let your wallet keep you from finding the person of your dreams. Or even just someone you enjoy spending time with. To learn more about saving money while living your best life, check out these related posts from OppLoans:Hereâs How to Save on Movies Now That MoviePass is Probably DoneThe (Comprehensive) Coupleâs Guide To BudgetingHow to Save Money on Pet AdoptionHow to Crown a Fantasy Football Winner on the CheapWhat are your best tips for money-savvy romance? We want to hear from you! You can find us on Facebook and Twitter.ContributorsAmy Hartle is a freelance writer and blogger living in Vermont. Alongside her husband Nathan, she i s the co-founder of a couples travel and lifestyle blog, Two Drifters (@twodriftersxo), where she writes about relationships, travel destinations, and inspiration for couples adventures.Spike Spencer (@spikespencer) is an internationally recognized authority on Relationship Sales Dynamics, bridging the gap between business and dating relationships. He is a public speaker, author, executive consultant, certified near-linguistic programming (NLP) coach, and a certified and licensed B.A.N.K. trainer for business and relationships. His fun dating/relationships website, DontKillYourDate.com, is a site helping guys become better MEN, constantly improving themselves, and their communications with women; utilizing cooking, food, travel, humor and adventure as the medium. Spike has been featured in Mens Health, USA Today, Paste, Your Tango, and more, and has written for Neil Strauss, Singles Warehouse (as an Expert), Carlos Xuma, and more.Tina B. Tessina (@tinatessina), PhD, (aka âDr. R omanceâ) is a psychotherapist and author of How to Be Happy Partners: Working It Out Together.Holly Wolf is an executive with over 30 years experience in banking and healthcare. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-29317901686154402832020-05-21T23:41:00.001-07:002020-05-21T23:41:05.544-07:00The Heart Of Humanity s Culture - 1388 Words Meera Pema The heart of humanityââ¬â¢s culture has been embedded with food. Everything else has fallen into place around it. For thousands of years, food has been more than a necessity to our species. Even before our diet affected the various aspects of our lives, it was the cause of our physical divergence in the evolutionary road, transforming us into the human species. If we think of history as an endless chain of cause and effects, the development of our diet was the initial cause of everything else that followed. The history of our diet starts with homo erectus. Over time, homo erectus found a way to extract more energy from their food. According to Dr. Richard Wranghamââ¬â¢s claim, the ââ¬Å"custom of cooking our food has not only changed our bodies over the years, giving us smaller mouths and smaller guts, he says it s given us an evolutionary advantage: bigger brains, more time to use those brains and less time wasting time foraging and chewing all day longâ⬠. By using fire to cook, meats could be softened, and more nutrients were digested. This led to the ability of developing a larger brain, an artery that takes a far greater amount of calories to sustain. As the brain size increased, body size decreased, highlighting the main difference between modern humans and our ape ancestors. This resulted in the loss of certain features, since we no longer needed such brawn to search for, eat, and digest food. The opportunity cost of our ancestorââ¬â¢s diet was sustaining aShow MoreRelatedThe, God The Almighty1190 Words à |à 5 PagesNation and Christianity are really familiar, but what keeps them separated from each other is that their deity gives their believers different values which makes them into different culture. First nation and Christianity tell these stories because they believe telling these stories will show how significant their culture is. How the Anishinaabe pass information is passed on from generation to generation is that elders tell oral stories and experiences that they go through each day. The reason theyRead MoreNotes On The Gospel Essentials971 Words à |à 4 Pages3:16) The essentials of the Gospel are made up of God, humanity, Jesus and restoration and in analyzing Christianity, then reflecting on my own worldview I will conclude with my final thoughts on the Gospel essentials. 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Even in Chapter 3 when he is talking to his professors aboutRead MoreHuman Sacrifice And The Gods Essay1360 Words à |à 6 Pagesdown off the sacrificial table as the priest cuts out the manââ¬â¢s heart to offer it to the gods.ââ¬Å" The occurrence of human sacrifice can usually be related to the recognition of human blood as the sacred life forceâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Human Sacrificingâ⬠). The thought of human sacrificing may seem inhuman or uncivilized; however, in the ancient times, it was considered a prayer for better times. Human sacrificing was not only a ritual act to earn a god s favor, but also for a greater cause. Usually people would benefitRead MoreIs Space Exploration A Waste Of Money?1194 Words à |à 5 Pagesno country could solve them individually. We have spent an incredible amount of money on these matters, but it does not help. It is time to figure out a new solution, which is more effective and potential. Since this matter could affect the whole h umanity, there are many controversial opinions around it. Space exploration and ocean exploration are two of many possible solutions that people came up with. I can see the advantages and disadvantages of both; however, I am still in favor of space exploration bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-81290148591868932262020-05-06T23:58:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:58:22.604-07:00Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 1424 Words Prince Hamlet In the very popular play Hamlet by William Shakespeare one character in specific stands out. This individual is known as Hamlet. Hamlet is the son of deceased King Hamlet and Queen Gertrude. Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark at this time. King Claudius is King Hamlets bother and Hamlets uncle. Very shortly after Kings Hamlets unfortunate death Hamlets mother Queen Gertrude marries King Claudius. This results in making King Claudius Hamlets new father and uncle. Hamlet is a young man who the community of Denmark has a very prestigious view on. Once King Claudius passes, Hamlet is supposed to become the King of Denmark the land is promised to him. Until then he lives with Queen Gertrude and King Claudius. Critics have givenâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When Hamlet is first introduced into the play he comes off as a character that is depressed or morning from tartaric events that have recently happened in his life. One example is when Queen Gertrude is having the conversation with Hamlet that he needs to quit morning his fatherââ¬â¢s death and Hamlet says; Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief, That can denote me truly. These indeed ââ¬Å"seem,â⬠(1.2.83-84) This is when Hamlet was trying to explain that he feels that everyone has moved on from his fatherââ¬â¢s death way to fast. Then he argues that his black clothing only expresses a fraction of the grief that he feels. Critics also use the example of how he has been acting strange the past few months and there not too sure why. An example of this is when Hamlet had been acting strange about his love for Ophelia. Before Hamlets fatherââ¬â¢s death Hamlet showed great love, and attention for Ophelia by sending her gifts and letters. Then once his fatherââ¬â¢s died he started to act extremely strange with her and pushing her way. This sent mixed emotions to Ophelia. Hamlet then wrote her this poem; O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers. I have not art to reckon my groans, but that I love thee best, oh, most best, believe it. Adieu. (2.2.113-114). Hamlet is not only showing passion when it comes to Ophelia and certain actions with her, but also when it comes to the ghost bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-3197857533407675882020-05-06T08:53:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:53:09.371-07:00Electrical gadget Free Essays Want to make your computer experience a littleâ⬠¦ Bulgier? For sure you want to watch your favorite movie in a big screen because it easy to watch, and give you a lot of satisfaction. II. When I want to decide to watch TV using computer a few years ago, I really have no idea how to connect the cable. We will write a custom essay sample on Electrical gadget or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, at that time my friend shows me easy steps on how to do it. Ill. I have learned about the steps during that time and I did additional research for this speech. IV. Today I will inform you three main steps f how to using television as a computer monitor which are consist consideration about condition of TV and computer, connections between them and changing computer settings. (Transitions: Letââ¬â¢s start by looking for what are the considerations) Body l. The first step Is to take considerations about the condition of television and computer In order to get the best result after changing it. A. Keep the television at the right height for computer use 1. It is best to keep the television at a height where your eye level is roughly % of the way up the screen, much like with a monitor. B. Make sure your television has good resolution 1. When your computer sends the image to the television, itââ¬â¢s going to be designed for a much smaller screen. 2. Even with a high resolution TV, some text may appear blurry. 3. With a lower resolution television, you may have a very difficult time reading text C. Find your computers output options 1. Look at the back of your computer and identify the output options. 2. These are sometimes labeled, but they may be easier to identify by looking at images of the outputs online D. Find your televisionââ¬â¢s input options. How to cite Electrical gadget, Papers bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-88458260918771679262020-04-26T19:24:00.001-07:002020-04-26T19:24:03.070-07:00The First Driving-Lesson Day free essay sample The Cost of Carelessness Driving a genuine car was my initial dream when I was a young child because I really love speed and sports car. Eventually, with a lot of efforts, my dream comes true and the day I got my driver license was one of the happiest days in my life. Hence, I can drive a car and go to everywhere I want, but it also reminds me of the first day I sat behind the wheel. That day was a cool, breezy Sunday with a mild temperature on the morning of February 20, 2011. It was the first exciting driving-lesson I ever took and little did I know, it was about to teach me a practical lesson I will never forget. A week before that day, my mom registered for me a six-driving-lesson package at Pleasant School, a moto school near my house in Chelsea, MA. The first driving-lesson day would be taught next week so I was absolutely excited about what would happen to me in that day. We will write a custom essay sample on The First Driving-Lesson Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My mind was really possessed with a lot of thoughts about that day and I couldnââ¬â¢t wait to see it coming true. Finally, the day which I dreamed of was about to come. At 7am, I woke up with a happy mood and an eager attitude, and then I had a delicious breakfast with a big bowl of cereals and milk. After that, I changed my clothes and went outside my house to wait for my teacherââ¬â¢s car coming. In front of my house, there is a one-way street with its width that can barely let one car pass another one, and there werenââ¬â¢t a lot of cars rolling on the street at that moment. From outside, I could see that today was really a beautiful day with the vivid sun, the wide-and-high cloudless sky; the breezy wind and the fresh air. That was a good omen for the start of something new. I loosened my whole body, let my mind stay empty, closed my eyes and took a deep breath to enjoy that never-forgotten moment. Finally, my teacher arrived at my house with a black, 2008 model Toyota. I felt really relieved and delighted, and I ran quickly to him with a big smile on my face while he opened the car-door. He was an African-American man in sport clothes with a pair of glasses. He gave me a warm smile and seemed to be a good, patient, experienced instructor because he asked me gently about my information and smiled all the time he talked with me. After that, John, my teacher, told me to get in the car and sit on the driverââ¬â¢s seat position while he sat on my right seat for passenger. I felt absolutely comfortable with the cool air-conditioned system and the soft seat in that car. By seeing my satisfied appearance, John looked at me and asked with a friendly smile, ââ¬Å"Are you ready? â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, I hope so. Iââ¬â¢m actually excited about this moment but I still feel a little nervous and worried about what Iââ¬â¢m going to do next,â⬠I answered. ââ¬Å"Well, thatââ¬â¢s just a normal feeling because itââ¬â¢s your first time. All you need to do is try your best, stay focused and practice as much as you can. Everything will be fine,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Oh, I will, thank you,â⬠I looked at him and said. After that brief and open conversation, John began to teach me about the steering wheel, gearshift, accelerator, clutch, brake, mirror, light signal, etc, and how they work. Then, on the street outside my house, he taught me how to adjust my seat, how to start or stop the car, how to use hand signal, how to check the mirror and the blind spot, how to look over behind my shoulder to check the traffic, how to turn left and right, how to pull over on the right side of the street, etc. He talked slowly to me with a gentle voice. After the verbal instruction, he told me it was time for me to take action about what I just learned. By hearing that, I felt extremely happy because my driving-a-car dream was about to come true, so I couldnââ¬â¢t hold that moment back. Without hesitating, I started the engine; signal left; change the gearshift from P-Park into D-Drive and I did all the preparation before driving a car that was taught by my instructor, except one important step that can cost me my whole life: carefully look over behind your left-shoulder to check the upcoming traffic. Then, without a careful thought, I turned the wheel to the left, directed the head of my car to the traffic lane and try to merge into it. I didnââ¬â¢t see a coming car behind me at a distance of 20 feet. The coming car got to my car closer and closer, and I didnââ¬â¢t realize how terrible it was going to be. But John could foresee what would happen to me next because he kept his eyes carefully to whatever I had done. So he pedaled quickly into the second brake beneath his seat to make the car stop immediately. The coming car just passed my car in a very small space; it seemed like nearly hit the head of my car. By observing what just happened to me, it took my breath away for a while. My whole body was totally and completely frozen, I couldnââ¬â¢t say or do anything else but shivering from head to toe. My face was becoming pale with fear and a lot of goose-pimples rose on my skin. I couldnââ¬â¢t believe that I just got out of an accident which would have hurt me or somebody else badly. After a couple of minutes, I still felt panic about that moment. I tried to take a deep breath and turned my head to my teacher and said, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m so sorry. Thanks for helping me out and saving me. â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s my pleasure and itââ¬â¢s also a lesson for you: You should think carefully and stay focused on what youââ¬â¢re going to do, donââ¬â¢t ever hurry because you always have time to do it,â⬠he said with a beautiful voice just like my father did when he tried to teach me how to ride a bike twelve years ago. ââ¬Å"I appreciate that and I will concentrate more on what Iââ¬â¢m doing. Thank you again. Later then, I tried my best to listen to John and to practice what I had learnt from him. And the results not only made him happy but also help me get over that horrible moment. I did all the practices successfully and we had a happy, comfortable time after the incident. Finally, my one-hour driving lesson came to an end and John took me home with a big smile on his face. He seemed so happy right because he kn ew that he did a good job. And to me, I had learned a useful lesson for both my driving skills and my normal life. In conclusion, I never think I can learn a vital lesson from my driving lesson but now I completely change my mind and the way I approach things. So after the first driving-lesson day, I actually grow up my mind with one more experience added to my life to help me pay attention to what Iââ¬â¢m doing and what Iââ¬â¢m going to do next, and the final purpose is to make me become a good man with better personality. Needless to mention, at the bottom of my heart, Iââ¬â¢m really grateful to my driving teacher for what he had taught me that day. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-80098011815546364792020-03-19T01:18:00.001-07:002020-03-19T01:18:04.494-07:00Hybrid Car Battery Life and Replacement CostsHybrid Car Battery Life and Replacement Costs It is expensive to replace hybrid batteries- it can cost in the neighborhood of $3,000 for a full hybrid battery replacement. But on the other hand, hybrid batteries have proven themselves to be extremely reliable. And as long as they are not abused and the vehicle charging control system operates effectively, they can be- not unrealistically- expected to last for nearly the life of the vehicle. Manufacturers are providing generous battery warranties (generally about 8-10 years and 80,000 to 100,000 miles), but as with most warranted components, they are designed to last well beyond the coverage period. It would not be unreasonable to expect the life of a battery pack to exceed 150,000 miles. Something to keep in mind: as more hybrids take to the roads, reclaimed batteries from out-of-service (wrecked) cars will become more available at steep discounts. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-71423204582189759702020-03-02T17:03:00.001-08:002020-03-02T17:03:02.529-08:00How to Study for a College MidtermHow to Study for a College Midterm Midterms can be intimidating, whether youre a first-semester college student or getting ready to graduate. Because your grade might be heavily dependent on how you do on your midterm exams, being as prepared as possible is important for your success. But just what are the best ways to prepare? In essence: how do you study for a midterm in the best way possible? 1. Go to Class Regularly and Pay Attention If your midterm is over a month away, your class attendance might seem pretty disconnected from your study plan. But going to class every time, and paying attention while youre there, is one of the most effective steps you can take when preparing for a midterm or other important exam. After all, the time you spend in class involves you learning and interacting with the material. And its much better to do so in shorter snippets over the course of a semester than to try to learn, in just one night, all of the things that have been covered over the last month in class. 2. Stay Caught Up with Your Homework Staying on top of your reading is a simple but highly important step to take when preparing for midterms. Additionally, if you really focus on your reading the first time you complete it, you can do things like highlighting, taking notes, and making flashcards that can later be transformed into study aids. 3. Talk to Your Professor About the Exam It may seem obvious or even a little intimidating, but talking to your professor in advance of the exam can be a great way to prepare. He or she can help you understand concepts youre not totally clear on and can tell you where to best focus your efforts. After all, if your professor is both the writer of the exam and someone who can help you be efficient in your preparations, why wouldnt you use him or her as a resource? 4. Begin Studying at Least One Week in Advance If your exam is tomorrow and youre just starting to study, then youre not really studying youre cramming. Studying should take place over a period of time and should allow you to really understand the material, not just memorize it the night before an exam. Beginning to study at least one week in advance is a smart way to reduce your stress, prepare your mind, give yourself time to absorb and remember the material youre learning, and overall do well when exam day finally arrives. 5. Come Up With a Study Plan Planning to study and planning how to study are two very different things. Instead of staring blankly at your textbook or course reader during the time youre supposed to be preparing, come up with a plan. For example, on certain days, plan to review your notes from class and highlight key elements you need to remember. On another day, plan to review a particular chapter or lesson that you think is especially important. In essence, make a to-do list of what kind of studying youll do and when so that, when you do sit down for some quality study time, you can make the most of your efforts. 6. Prepare Any Materials Youll Need in Advance If, for example, your professor says its okay to bring a page of notes to the test, make that page well in advance. That way, youll be able to refer to what you need quickly. The last thing you want to be doing during a timed exam is learning how to use the materials you brought with you. Additionally, as you make any materials youll need for the exam, you can use them as study aids as well. 7. Be Physically Prepared Before the Exam This may not seem like a traditional way of studying, but being on top of your physical game is important. Eat aà good breakfast,à ââ¬â¹get some sleep,à have the materials youll need already in your backpack, and check your stress at the door. Studying involves preparing your brain for the exam, and your brain has physical needs, too. Treat it kindly the day before and the day of your midterm so that all of your other studying can be put to good use. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-67582821186862106162020-02-15T08:29:00.001-08:002020-02-15T08:29:02.544-08:00Industry Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsIndustry Analysis - Term Paper Example Toyota Motor Corporation is one of those firms. The other top firms are Ford Motor Company, General Motors Company and Honda Motor Company. The automobile industry has been through a number of revolutions starting with standardized mass production which was instigated by Henry Ford; the second which was designed by Alfred Sloan included the organizational ââ¬Ëcreation of the Corporation with multi-product divisions emphasizing marketing and branding;ââ¬â¢ the third revolution was created by Eiji Toyoda of Toyota Motor Corporation which focused on lean manufacturing and the development of quality (Maxton and Wormald 2005). The automobile is one of the most important industries in the world in terms of its contribution to GDP; it uses large steel and glass and consumes a high percentage of the worldââ¬â¢s oils (Maxton and Wormald 2004). In addition to the transportation of people to various locations in order to facilitate various activities, it has also contributed to the fle xibility of the human race in terms of the transportation of goods for consumption and production. However, automobiles have lead to million of casualties on our roads, pollution of the environment, depletion of natural resources and global warming (Maxton and Wormald 2004). These have gained significant attention and have led to increasing legislation. The automobile industry is also very capital intensive due to the complex nature of the automobile. ... Some of Toyotas well known models are the Corolla in the compact range; Camry in the sedan range; Land Cruiser in the SUV category; the Lexus line in the luxury line; Celica in the sports line; the Tundra in the truck line; and the Coaster in the bus line. The Toyota Camry has been the best selling motor vehicle in America for 13 of the last 14 years (Toyota Motor Corporation). The Camry has won a number of awards 2.0 Analysis of the Industry Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces model can be used to analyze the environment in the automobile industry. Porter indicates that there are five forces in an industry environment which work together to determine profitability and attractiveness in the long run. The five forces will assist firms like Toyota Motor Corporation determine their strength and competitive position. Walton (1999) indicates that a firm can be effective strategically once it can manipulate the forces in a way that is favorable to it. The more it does so the more it will achieve i ts goals. The five competitive forces in Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces model are: the threat of substitutes; barriers to entry; rivalry in the industry; bargaining power of suppliers; and bargaining power of customers. The model is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 ââ¬â Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Model 2.1 Threat of new substitutes A substitute is anything that is able to serve as replacement. In this case it specifically relate to anything that will help in transporting goods and people. There are a number of options available to customers who want to move from one place to another. They include bicycles and bikes for people travelling short distances. Bicycles are cheaper as they do not require fuel. However, they take bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-14044981910939921972020-02-02T06:35:00.001-08:002020-02-02T06:35:03.394-08:00Importance of The Web-based Software for Students AssignmentImportance of The Web-based Software for Students - Assignment Example Campus cruiser software has a fully and seamlessly integrated LMS that students can access from their portal (TimeCruiser, 2007). The seamless integration of course cruiser and LMS enable students to access the campus LMS through their studentââ¬â¢s portal and within a single sign-in. To facilitate user its friendliness, the software is designed using familiar tools that facilitate studentââ¬â¢s learning experience and use of the system. The system also enhances streamlined and wide range course management and collaboration between the students and the schoolââ¬â¢s management. The campus cruiser also provides essential academic tools that are required for the management of instructions. Some the basic tools include gradebook, assignments, course level charts, file sharing tools and research tools. The grade book enables students to set up instructions concerning the grades that they would wish to achieve. Gradebook might include assignment tools that enable students to manage their assignment and share research questions. The course-level forums & chart enables a student to share experiences and information relating to their coursework and assignments (TimeCruiser, 2007). On the other hand, the file-sharing tools enable students to share content with other students taking a particular course. Finally, the online journal tool facilitates studentââ¬â¢s online research and provides essential information concerning academic honesty. The course cruiser has considerable benefits to an institution. These benefits can be an analyzed by considering the benefit achieved by each of the stakeholders. For instance, the faculty benefits from an increased interaction among students and course instructors. This facilitates exchange of ideas and other related academic materials. The system also enhances streamlined and wide range course management and collaboration between the students and the schoolââ¬â¢s management.The campus cruiser also provides essential academic tools that are required for the management of instructions.à bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-91631385549219640952020-01-25T02:59:00.001-08:002020-01-25T02:59:02.703-08:00Children and the Media/Advertising Essay -- essays research papers It has been noted that the media and advertising industries have targeted the children in the process of selling products and services. Children are in the age range that is most influenced and are most desired for companies to sell products to. Minors are young and are therefore potential long-term consumers. Some of these advertising industries include companies selling credit cards, tobacco, alcohol, clothing and fast food. According to marketing expert James U. McNeal, PhD, author of "The Kids Market: Myths and Realities" (Paramount Market Publishing, 1999), children under 12 already spend a $28 billion a year. Teen-agers spend $100 billion. Children also influence another $249 billion spent by their parents. At the same time they are helping these companies prey and destroy little minds. According to him "Advertising is a massive, multi-million dollar project that's having an enormous impact on child development." "The sheer volume of advertising is gro wing rapidly and invading new areas of childhood, like our schools." A letter protesting psychologists' involvement in children's advertising was written by Commercial Alert, a Washington, D.C., advocacy organization. The letter calls marketing to children a violation of APA's mission of mitigating human suffering, improving the condition of both individuals and society, and helping the public develop informed judgments. It urged the APA to challenge what it calls an "abuse of psychologi... bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-35388002934402942942020-01-16T23:23:00.001-08:002020-01-16T23:23:05.043-08:00SpicesSpices can be defined as aromatic or acrid plant substances used to provide flavor, color and aroma to food (Mohamed, 2014). These spices are characterized by being rich in antioxidants and have some medicinal properties (Jeswal and Kumar, 2015; Kong et al., 2014). Spices are widely used throughout the world for many purposes, of which their used in food preparation and processing (Hashem and Alamri, 2010). Many of them are used as traditional medicines in many cases such as infections, wounds, sprains and nausea and some spices help to improve glucose of plasma by improving insulin sensitivity (Mohamed, 2014). Because of its medicinal properties, spices are used for pharmaceutical industries as raw materials (Toma and Abdullah, 2013).In addition, essential oils of spices or spices themselves have preservative action (Nielsen and Rios, 2000). Antimicrobial properties of some spices inhibit the fungal growth as reported for turmeric and sumac (Jeswal and Kumar, 2015; Toma and Abdullah, 2013), while essential oils and oleoresins of some spices shown to be high effectively against microbial growth. Essential oil of mustard is one of these oils, which includes the active component allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Other spices such as cinnamon, garlic and clove considered as potential inhibitors (Nielsen and Rios, 2000). while other spices such as red chili and dry ginger considered as liable substance for growth of many fungi (Jeswal and Kumar, 2013). Although red chili is in the second rank as the largest used spice worldwide after black pepper, contamination of red chili samples by AFs and OTA were repeatedly reported by many studies and Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigates are the fungi contaminants that are repeatedly detected in the flake or powder samples of red chili. In ginger derivatives and samples, the mycotoxins that have been detected are AFs and OTA. Contamination of spices can be occurred in the field, when the spices undergo drying process or during storage (Kabak and Dobson, 2017). bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-77069900045600551002020-01-08T19:44:00.001-08:002020-01-08T19:44:02.923-08:00Comparison Between Plato And The Composition Of The Ideal... Plato and the Composition of the Ideal City-State in Parts I-III of The Republic Wei Ting Lee 500467076 Ryerson University Introduction Appearance versus reality is a pertinent theme in Platoââ¬â¢s dialogues. Yet, the precise nature of truth, the good and the beautiful all rely on contradiction, which the philosopher uses in his discussion of an ideal civil society. To properly understand Platoââ¬â¢s motivation, it is necessary to briefly explain his historical context: Athenian democracy and the Peloponnesian War had wreaked havoc on civil institutions during Platoââ¬â¢s time. Athenââ¬â¢s during the 4th century BCE was on the verge of ruins, as were prevailing systems of governance and ideas of justice. Against this background, Platoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Peloponnesian War lasted from 431-404 BCE, which pitted the Athenians against Sparta to the south, after the latter had attempted repeated invasions into Attica. The war was extremely brutal and lead to a significant loss of life, which lead Plato to the idea that to govern one must be virtuous and ruthless, and that defending the city again st those outside its borders is best left to guardians educated in important ethical and practical matters of governance. Therefore, Plato suggests it is necessary to be courageous and that those given the responsibility to rule in defence of a city must exercise virtue, for only through virtue can one confront the important day to day decisions needed to safeguard the polis from harm. Plato also believed that rulers must reflect the good in their ability to reason. For the good of the city, we must ââ¬Å"seek out craftsmen who are by nature able to pursue what is fine and graceful in their work, so that our young people will live in a healthy place and be benefitted on all sides â⬠¦ [in a way] that brings health from a good place, leading them unwittingly, from childhood on, to resemblance, friendship, and harmony bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-37762403682723904002019-12-31T16:10:00.001-08:002019-12-31T16:10:03.676-08:00Americ The Great Depression - 2977 Words America would suffer from one of the worst financial disasters in history after the stock market crash of 1929. A period in history commonly referred to as The Great Depression (1929-1939) would take the workforce by storm. The countryââ¬â¢s unemployment rate would reach a record high leaving millions of Americans out of work or laid off by the mid 1930s (Smiley, 2014). ââ¬Å"The Great Depression is often called a ââ¬Å"defining momentâ⬠in the twentieth-century history of the United States. Its most lasting effect was a transformation of the role of the federal government in the economyâ⬠(Smiley, 2014). As a result, families were unable to repay debts such as farm loans and mortgages leaving financial institutions in the red and failing to recover.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This verdict was hammered home by the well-publicized demolition in 1972 of the Pruittââ¬â Igoe project in St. Louisâ⬠(Massey Kanaiaupuni, 1993). Although most politicians viewed l arge housing complexes (projects) as a social destruction it did help to recreate new strategies for improving the housing program. Americaââ¬â¢s most impoverished populations were still struggling to maintain decent housing at an affordable rate. This dilemma prompted the federal government to seek new alternatives to help aid low-income families. ââ¬Å"Federal support for housing since, skimpy as it is, has largely been in the form of ââ¬Å"Section 8â⬠vouchers and dispersed, low-density, mixed housing. The actual number of public housing units has shrunk in recent decadesâ⬠(Massey Kanaiaupuni, 1993). According to the article, ââ¬Å"it was a response to the post-war housing shortage and too many social scientistsââ¬â¢ view at the time that poor housing itself ââ¬â crowded, dilapidated quarters contributed to social dysfunctionâ⬠(Massey Kanaiaupuni, 1993). The immediate need to accommodate the needy seemed to do more harm than good during the early stages of development. Politicianââ¬â¢s immediate reaction was to fix the problem by housing multiple families and individuals in already impoverished locations and massive projects only seem to created new bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-27791749427219306372019-12-23T11:57:00.001-08:002019-12-23T11:57:03.405-08:00Comparison of Hamlet, the Lion King, Rosencrantz and... Similarities: 1. In both Hamlet and The Lion King, the uncle kills the king. 2. Both Hamlet and Simba are the rightful heirs. 3. Both Hamlet and Simba have a love interest. 4. Both Hamlet and Simba are royalty. 5. In both Hamlet and The Lion King, the dead fathers make appearances. Simbaââ¬â¢s father appears from heaven and looks down on him while Hamletââ¬â¢s father appears as a ghost. 6. The kings in both Hamlet and The Lion King were virtuous. 7. The uncles in both Hamlet and The Lion King are not virtuous. 8. Both Hamlet and Simba are misunderstood. 9. Both Hamlet and Simba try to put off what they were supposed to do. Hamlet is supposed to get revenge for his fatherââ¬â¢s death, and Simba is supposed to reclaimâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦20. In both Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are not serious characters but rather jokesters. Differences: 1. Simba runs away from his homeland while Hamlet remains in his homeland. 2. Hamlet kills his uncle Claudius while Simba does not kill his uncle Scar. 3. Simba is just a cub when his father is killed while Hamlet is a grown man. 4. Hamlet goes crazy/mad while Simba does not. 5. Hamlet dies at the end of the play while Simba does not. 6. Simba is a lion while Hamlet is a person. 7. Gertrude marries the uncle while Simbaââ¬â¢s mom does not marry the uncle. 8. In The Lion King, Timon and Pumba are loyal unlike Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from Hamlet. 9. Rosencrantz and Guilderstern die at the end of the play while Timon and Pumba do not. 10. In The Lion King, Timon and Pumba are helpful to Simba unlike Rosencrantz and Guilderstern in Hamlet who are not helpful to Hamlet. 11. Simba knows that the throne is rightly his but does not seek revenge on his uncle unlike Hamlet who seeks revenge on his uncle in order to avenge his fatherââ¬â¢s death. 12. Hamlet is a dramatic play while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is a comedy. 13. Hamlet is a play while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is a play within a play. 14. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead assumes thatShow MoreRelatedLion King and Hamlet - Compare and Contrast1038 Words à |à 5 PagesBetween The Lion King and Hamlet As innocent and young the Disney movie ââ¬Å"The Lion Kingâ⬠may seem, it is, indeed, loosely based off of the renowned Shakespeare play ââ¬Å"Hamletâ⬠. It would seem strange to the typical audiences of each, but when looked at closer, it is seen that they are actually related underneath the youthful, animated surface of The Lion King. One of the main aspects that connects The Lion King and Hamlet is the characters. Simba and Hamlet are both princes of their kingdoms. Hamlet, a manRead MoreLion King vs. Hamlet2415 Words à |à 10 Pagesand watch Hamlet!â⬠A statement which might sound ludicrous at first, is in reality, more sensible than one might think. Since 1994, The Lion King has been a must-see film for children all around the world. Its 8.5 rating on IMDB lists it alongside of some of the greatest movies ever made. Childrenââ¬â¢s movies that were released around this time were all shallow and simplistic. The reason why The Lion King was so successful is because it was an unexpected and pleasant anomaly. The Lion King is a storyRead MoreComparative Analysis: Hamlet and the Lion King1828 Words à |à 8 PagesComparative analysis: Hamlet and The Lion King Hamlet is a 1990 drama film based on a tragic play with the same name, written by William Shakespeare. On the other side The Lion King is an animated musical movie. Walt Disney Pictures released the movie in 1994. As the movie Hamlet, The Lion King was also influenced by Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play, Hamlet. Both the movies are about revenging the death of a cherished family member but in different ways. Since a long time the idea of revenge has existedRead MoreEssay on Comparing Shakespeares Hamlet and the Movie, The Lion King2183 Words à |à 9 PagesComparing Shakespeares Hamlet and the Movie, The Lion King There is no doubt that todays entertainment has lost most of its touch with the more classical influences of its predecessors. However, in mid-1994, Walt Disney Pictures released what could arguably be the best animated feature of all time in The Lion King. With a moral base unlike most of the movies released at the time, TLK placed a childrens facade on a very serious story of responsibility and revenge. However, this theme is oneRead MoreHamlet in Comparison to the Lion King Essay1255 Words à |à 6 Pagescan be compared due to vast amounts of similarities between theme and characters; Hamlet and the Lion King are two literary works in which character and theme are surprisingly similar throughout each work. The Lion King is thought to be just an animated childrenââ¬â¢s film, however, it is in fact a modern translation of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet. The main characters in the Lion King are definite parallels to those in Hamlet. Along with the main characters and plot details, t he stories were similar in theRead MoreSimilarities of The Lion King and Hamlet Essay1956 Words à |à 8 PagesSimilarities of The Lion King and Hamlet In 1994, the critics hail an animated masterpiece, not only for its artwork and music, but also for the plotline: an evil uncle displaces the heir to the throne and sends him into exile. Years later, following both a prophecy and an encounter with the ghost of the old king, the heir is persuaded to return to his home, avenge his fathers death, and take his proper place as the ruler of the kingdom. At first glance, Disneys The Lion King has all the classic bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-7663139326854298472019-12-15T08:27:00.001-08:002019-12-15T08:27:03.621-08:00What Comes with Old Age Free Essays What Comes with Age What comes to mind when you think of life? Do you view life with an ever go lucky viewpoint and are you happy and content? Are you an optimist? Or do you think life is a means to and end with nothing to look forward to but depression and sorrow. In Earnest Hemingwayââ¬â¢s story ââ¬Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Placeâ⬠Hemmingway makes the point that when you get older there is nothing but desperation and sorrow to live for. He does this by showcasing the story between a younger and an older waiter working late at night in a well-lit cafe where the only customer in the cafe is a very old deaf man getting drunk by himself. We will write a custom essay sample on What Comes with Old Age? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story illustrates through characterization and verbal irony what it means to deal with the harsh reality that everything we are and everything we do is empty. Hemmingway presents two kinds of characters, those that are unaware of the emptiness of life and those that are familiar with it. He does this by focusing on three main characters throughout the short story; an old man, a younger waiter, and an older waiter where each has a subtly different outlook on life. At the beginning of the story we meet the old man who is sitting at a bar drinking a brandy just watching the branches of a tree outside. The old man is lonely and drinks by himself. He drowns his sorrows in alcohol. The old man attempts to commit suicide because he is in despair. He tried to commit suicide by hanging himself with a rope but his niece who takes care of him cuts him down. He is in despair and feels unwanted because he is old. His old age shows physical imperfections on his body such as his hard of hearing. He has no one to go home to, and finds comfort drinking in lit places, then home by himself. He is very lonely because his wife died and he has no one to go home to and talk to about his problems or just to keep him company. The old man is also in a good financial position, but regardless of money, he has no will to keep on living. The old manââ¬â¢s deafness signifies a physical and mental isolation from the rest of the world. The younger waiter only cares about going home to his wife and going to bed so he can go to sleep. He seems to think his time is more valuable than the old mans which is ignorant to think since whoââ¬â¢s time is really better than someone elseââ¬â¢s? In the story the two waiters mention that the old man is in despair. When asked what the old man was in despair about the young waiter replies ââ¬Å"Nothing,â⬠because ââ¬Å"He has plenty of money. This is a typical ignorant sentiment shared by youth who believe that money somehow provides happiness thus a meaningful life. The younger waiter does not show any sympathy to the old man or try to understand his feelings. The younger waiter is very insensitive and only thinks about himself. His attitude towards older people is very harsh and he never stops to think that one day he to might be old and lonely. The older waiter works at the cafe along with the younger waiter but seems to be more aware of the old deaf manââ¬â¢s feelings. He doesnââ¬â¢t have anyone to go home to at the end of the night and he doesnââ¬â¢t mind working at all hours of the night. The older waiter identifies with the old man because he himself has nowhere to go after work. The older waiter himself cannot find a clean well-lighted place of his own to pass the night. The older waiter is offended by how the young waiter treats the man when he decides to refuse serving the man another drink. This is demonstrated when the older waiter says ââ¬Å"Why didnââ¬â¢t you let him stay and drink? The older waiter has a realistic understanding of the significance of ââ¬Å"nada,â⬠in this world and it actually keeps him up at night. He comes to the realization that life is emptiness, that a manââ¬â¢s life means nothing and that his existence signifies nothing to himself, nothing to others and nothing to the universe. One of the most important topics of this story has to do with loneliness. The older waiter and the old man are very lone ly. They both would like to stay at the cafe to escape from reality. Whereas the younger waiter is in a rush to get home because his life and reality isnââ¬â¢t filled with loneliness. He has a wife to go home to and he has youth, confidence and a job. The older waiter is very much like the old man except he has a job. The old man feels like he has nothing to live for other than getting drunk, however, life is not found in a bottle of alcohol. Life is found in experiences and relationship and alcohol hinders these experiences and relationships. This story also talks about other topics including death, futility, and meaninglessness. Hemingway shows these topics throughout most of the words and actions of the older waiter. Life is inherently meaningless and leads inevitably to death, and the older one gets, the clearer these truths become and the less able one is to impose any kind of order on oneââ¬â¢s existence or maintain any kind of positivity in oneââ¬â¢s outlook. In Ernest Hemmingwayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Clean Well-Lightedâ⬠Place one learns that life seems to get worse with age. Young people seem to be happy and content and think that they themselves will never grow old. The older one gets the closer the realization is that life is not worth living since it is filled with emptiness and despair. How to cite What Comes with Old Age?, Essay examples bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-55119857787891194472019-12-07T05:11:00.001-08:002019-12-07T05:11:02.446-08:00Mountains Australia Hospitality Tourism â⬠Myassignmethelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Blue Mountains Australia Hospitality And Tourism? Answer: Introducation The rugged region of Blue Mountains, along with its breath-taking view, gives its visitors an opportunity to explore nature at its best. The unusual formation of rocks in Three Sisters, situated at the Echo Point of Katoomba, the Six Foot Track, from Katoomba to Jenolan Caves, takes visitors through one of a kind experience. Apart from these, there are impressive bike trails which lead to other famous tourist attractions like Faulconbridge Point, the Oaks Fire Trail, Blue Gum Swamp and numerous beautiful waterfalls and walkways through the valleys and forests of the Blue Mountains [9]. Narrow Neck, Katoomba Situated in Katoomba, the Narrow Neck Track passes through the elevated Peninsula of Narrow Neck and displays heavenly scenic views and a huge variety of wild flora. Another special attraction is a number of magnificent exotic gardens, like Mt. Wilson Gardens, Campbell Rhododendron Gardens and Windyridge Garden, which are mostly privately owned but are open to visitors and which never fail to impress with their hues of colors [8]. There are facilities of cultural and heritage walks in places and villages of historical significance (Hartley Village), beautiful spots suitable for family outings Finanacial Leura Cascades, Kentworth Falls [3]. Amenities in Blue Mountains: The Blue Mountains provides a large number of facilities and convenience for its visitors, which attract impressive numbers of tourists, both national and international. The resorts and hotels in this region, with their warm hospitality, make the experience of staying in natures lap enthralling [1]. Fairmont Resort, Mountain Heritage is among the noteworthy ones. Restaurants like Silks Brasserie, Darleys Restaurant serves authentic Australian cuisines and fine wines attracting food lovers in large numbers [3]. The famous Explorer Buses of the Blue Mountains are highly frequent, with stops at 32 different points in the region, live commentary and warm driver-cum-guides. The Trolley Tours are also another exciting way of travelling and exploring the region. The Scenic Railway is the steepest of the passenger railways in the world, with an inclination of 52 degree [4]. The Scenic Railway Access The Sydney Airport, located near the National Park of Blue Mountain, which is listed as a World Heritage, is an international airport, providing easy gateway for global tourists to the Blue Mountains [6]. A widespread network of buses connects the airport with the place. Apart from that, cars can also access the Blue Mountains, which is actually the most common mode of transport in this region [1]. Sydney Trains or NSW Train Link can also be availed from Sydney to the Blue Mountains. Ancillary Services: The Blue Mountains, Australia, though primarily a tourist attraction, provides a host of other formal and non-formal services to make the stay of the visitors comfortable and worth remembering [4]. Along with a number of lodgings to choose from, robust network of transports, shopping arenas and malls, the location also has accessible international banks for easy transactions for foreign tourists. The friendly locals, warm tourist guides and drivers contribute to the holidaying experiences of those who visit this place [7]. References: Bluemts.com.au (2017).How to Get to the Blue Mountains - Blue Mountains Australia. [online] Bluemts.com.au. Available at: https://www.bluemts.com.au/getting-here/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. marketing, S. and Hardiman, N., 2014. Maintaining competitive tourism advantage with reference to the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. Dredge, D., Airey, D. and Gross, M.J. eds., 2014.The routledge handbook of tourism and hospitality education. Routledge. Explorerbus.com.au, C. (2017).Blue Mountains Explorer Bus - Hop-On Hop-Off Bus | Blue Mountains Explorer Bus. [online] Explorerbus.com.au. Available at: https://www.explorerbus.com.au/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Hardiman, N. and Burgin, S., 2013. Mountain biking: downhill for the environment or chance to up a gear?.International journal of environmental studies,70(6), pp.976-986. Hardiman, N. and Burgin, S., 2013. World Heritage Area listing of the Greater Blue MountainsDid it make a difference to visitation?.Tourism Management Perspectives,6, pp.63-64. In.sydney.com (2017).Blue Mountains | Sydney, Australia - in.sydney.com. [online] In.sydney.com. Available at: https://in.sydney.com/destinations/blue-mountains [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Symes, C., 2013. Traveling by the Book: New South Wales Railway Guides and the" Tourist Gaze".Journeys,14(1), pp.1-22. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-7988465707921601582019-11-29T16:52:00.001-08:002019-11-29T16:52:02.803-08:00Rostow and Gunder Frank Essay ExampleRostow and Gunder Frank Paper This essay will try to discuss the factors which led to the rapid industrialisation of Japan. It will give a historical perspective including the Meiji restoration, World War two, Korean War and the OPEC oil crisis in the 1970s. These were four of the most important factories involved in the economic and industrial evaluation of Japan. From this point the essay will explain in depth the theories of the original sociological thinkers Marx, Weber and Durkheim. These theories are the under pinning for modernisation and underdevelopment theories of Rostow and Gunder Frank. After this, the religious ideas and beliefs will be discussed at length including Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Webers protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism. Lastly, the Japanese managerial process will be explained in relation to the organisation and the individual worker. After many years of conflict between the shogunate and the divine emperor, the shogun offered his resignation to the emperor Meiji. Imperial rule had been restored and the era known as the Meiji restoration had begun. The restoration was the period between 1868 and 1912, it signalled the point in history where Japan left its feudal roots and began the road to industrialisation. The process of change was major and started with the abolition of many Japanese cultural, military and class institutions. The abolition of the Shogunate, Tokugona regime resembled a feudalist form of society. The restoration could be likened to a bourgeoisie revolution, not led by the farm workers and working classes, but the aristocracy. Samurais became the new power in Japan. Next was the abolition of the Daimyo, Japan became centralised and the Hans were abolished. We will write a custom essay sample on Rostow and Gunder Frank specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rostow and Gunder Frank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rostow and Gunder Frank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Samurais already trained in bureaucracy, classics and warfare took over as administrator. The four level class system was removed; this meant all citizens were equal in the eyes of the law. Institutions of centralised rule and centralised bureaucracy were set up, this would include the promise of parliamentary democracy, officially the emperor was the ruler but a group of young Samurai would look after matters of the state. State education was put into practice in 1890, less than 50% of children were in education by 1910 and once fees were abolished, it was 100%. Some students at this time were sent to universities in the west to learn modern technologies, but would also learn some of the problems that faced western nations like class structures and revolutionary struggles. State directed industrialism was used, all built from scratch and heavily subsidised through tax until profitable. Japan entered World War Two on the side of Germany; this was in anticipation that the Japanese could build a bigger empire in Asia following British defeat. They attacked the US navy base in Pearl Harbour, this mistake made the United States enter the war. This lead to two nuclear weapons being dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the 6th and 9th of August 1945. By the end of the war Japanese industrial production was less than 30% of pre war levels, Japan had lost all its empire and its cities were reduced to rubble. The American General McArthur invaded Japan and began the process of industralisation and change for the second time in Japans history, Japan could now start rebuilding from scratch with the help of America and its money. All military leaders were put to death, while the emperor was spared to keep the Japanese public in order. The Korean War had a major influence on the reconstruction of the new Japan. Following World War two and the Japanese defeat, the American forces pulled out of South Korean to concentrate on Japan. The communist block countries of Russia and China saw this as a sign of weakness in the capitalist west. Russia and China backed North Korean in an invasion on South Korean. President Truman alone, with General McArthur used the forces that were based in Japan to repel the invasion. The war lasted just three years, but over five million people were killed. As Japan was close to Korea and already occupied by the American forces, its economy and industry benefited from the American war effort. In October of 1973 Middle-eastern OPEC nations stopped exports to the US and other western nations. This was meant to punish the western nations that supported Israel, in the Yom Kippur War, but they also realised the strong influence that they had on the world through oil. The Arabs began to ship oil to Western nations again, but this time at inflated prices. One of the long-term effects of the embargo was an economic recession throughout the world. The era of economic growth, which had been in effect since World War two had now ended. For Japan this was a major problem, most of its new industries were heavily dependant on oil. It was at this time in its history that it left heavy industrial manufacturing and started to develop new high technologies for export instead. The sociologist Emile Durkheim was preoccupied with the changes transforming society in his life time; he was particularly interested in social and moral solidarity. This being that what holds society together and what stops it descending in to anarchy. Durkheims theory on social change argued that with the advent of the industrial era, society was going through a major change. Society was changing from simple to more complex way of life. Durkheim contrasted two types of solidarity, mechanical (simple) and organic (complex) which was related to the division of labour in society. Traditional societies have a low division of labour, thus is characterised by mechanical solidarity. Because most of the members of the society are involved in very similar occupations, they are bounded together by common experience and shared beliefs. The strength of these shared beliefs is repressive and the community swiftly punishes anyone who challenges the conventional ways of life. Mechanical solidarity is grounded in consensus and similarity of belief. As industrialisation takes hold, the mechanical solidarity that people have starts to fade and is replaced by organic solidarity. The specialisation of tasks and the increasing differentiation in advanced societies would lead to a new order featuring organic solidarity. As the division of labour expands, people become more dependant on one and other because each person needs goods and services that those in other occupations supply. Relationships of economic and mutual dependency come to replace shared beliefs in creating social consensus. Max Weber sought to understand the nature and causes of social change and unlike Marx he rejected the materialist and class conflict (which will be discussed later) of social change. He argued that human motivation and ideas were the forces behind social change. Ideas, values and beliefs have the power to bring about change to society, and the individual has the ability to act and shape their future. With the emergence of modern society came major shifts in patterns of social action. Individuals started to move away from the traditional beliefs supported by religion, custom and habit and increasingly engaged in rational, instrumental calculations that took into account efficiency and future consequences. The development of science, modern technology and bureaucracy was described by Weber as Rationalisation. Giddens (2001) states that this is the organisation of social and economic life according to the principles of efficiency and on the basis of technical knowledge. In Webers view, the industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism were proof of a large shift towards Rationalisation. Weber saw the scientific quality of the west as one of its most distinctive traits. Moreover, bureaucracy expands with economic and political growth, and is seen to be the most effective way of organising large numbers of people. The economist Walt Rostow designed a model that suggests that the development of human society to be both be a process of evolution, and to possess an inner logic, which leads societies towards Modernisation. His work is based on the idea that development can happen in five stages. The first stage is called traditional society; this is feudal societies based primarily on agriculture production. These societies are constrained by the limited technology on which agriculture is based. However, feudal societies do contain within them the ability and potential for further development. The second is the transitional stage or precondition for take off. The important preconditions include increases in scientific and technological discoveries which are used to improve the production process. Secondly, there develops a group of individuals who see the advantages in investment in factory production. At this state of the development Rostow said that there is a growth of lateral relations of world trade between nations, and finally the growth of the modern state which uses rational ideas. The third is called the take off stage, this happens to different countries at different times in history. In this way the unevenness of the process is pinpointed as being important, for example because England was one of the first countries to modernise it lead the way for others to follow. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-19969523530138949532019-11-25T18:39:00.001-08:002019-11-25T18:39:04.092-08:00Being Filipino essaysBeing Filipino essays I guess most Filipino have a lot of pride. They are the ones that have screen names like pinoy this or pinay that. Let me explain what a pinoy is, it is a Filipino boy and a pinay is a Filipino girl. Filipinos be representing especially with the little flags in their car window like me. The type of cars that you would usually see those flags are in those little rice rockets called Hondas. Most of the younger generation that show the most pride dont really know their own culture. The younger generations of Filipinos seem to have all this pride in being Filipino which you should be proud to be but lose there culture. Most young Filipinos dont even know how to speak the language or cant even understand the language. If you ask me to talk in Filipino I wouldnt be able too. I bet if you ask a majority of Filipino teenager if they could speak Filipino they wouldnt be able to. The reason I believe why Filipino teenagers cant speak is because English and Tagalog (Filipino dialect) are the two main languages in the Philippines and when they immigrate here the main language is English so most parents would just speak to there children in English. So I guess partly that it isnt our fault being emersed in American culture and not knowing how to speak contribute to the loss of our culture. A lot of Filipinos now know that they are losing their culture and are doing something about it. Most colleges and university have a Filipino clubs, which set up performance, and talent show showing traditional folk dance and music. This is great for many youth to learn about Philippines culture. Every year the Filipino youth association holds a festival showing dance and different types of the Filipino culture to the younger generation. These things do attract the teenage audience and allows them to learn and have fun while there doing it. Filipinos came from the Philippines and came here to ... bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-22747944378727815232019-11-22T02:03:00.001-08:002019-11-22T02:03:03.498-08:00Case Note Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1Case Note - Essay Example Job characteristics theory is a working design with a set of principles for job enriching in organizations. Job characteristics theory has five major aspects of address including motivation, satisfaction, performance, absenteeism, and turnover. The scenario at DrainFlow in which employee dissatisfaction is a common occurrence, the employees should be given incentives as motivation for every good performance and an encouragement to other employees to work harder. Additionally, the duties of the order processors and the billing agents need to merge to ensure that customer issues are addressed from a single department. Such would prevent employee dissatisfaction from customer complaints. Indeed, Reynaldo has little clue on the implementation of cash reward system. In the current scenario at DrainFlow, proves very tedious for the implementation of the system considering that different departments handle customers at different levels and, therefore determining which employee to reward would be ideally a tough task. In order for effective implementation of the cash reward system, it is significantly important that all the departments operate from a common command center. In such a setting, a customer will deal with a particular employee from the time the customer submits a plumbing problem, sending of a plumber, and making payments all occur from a common pull. Such a way would ensure an easy track of the best-performing employees and worthy of a reward. Financial incentives are indeed a better way of rewarding best-performing employees for the success of an organization. The advantages associated with financial incentives includes increased performance among employees as a means of getting the financial incentives and recognizing of employee priorities and work on the areas of under-performance. Financial incentives also have its disadvantages such as the genesis of division among employees, especially bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-14510978500971289662019-11-20T19:20:00.001-08:002019-11-20T19:20:06.524-08:00Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4Leadership - Essay Example Then there are those who believe that these two concepts are two different extremes, they believe that a good manager can never become a productive leader. Certain individuals even hold the view that both concepts operate together and a manager can play a leaders role while being in a management position. An organization comprising of teams and groups require the assistance of both leaders and managers to operate successfully. Several similarities may exist within the roles of the managers and the leaders, and several differences that separate both the positions even exist. This writing will focus on the differences between the two roles while accepting the fact that one single individual can play both roles at the same time. Body Leadership is referred to as a process in which an individual has the task of influencing a team of individuals with the aim of achieving common goals (MANNING, 2003, p.5). This means that leadership is firstly a process and it involves a sub process called influencing and cannot occur without the availability of a group and aims at attaining goals. These components of the definition of leadership are available in almost every theory and definition related to leadership. A leader is supposed to have several characteristics, some of the most important characteristics a leader should have in order to be successful includes: skills to coach others, confidence in one self and others, he should be do as he say or in other words there should be consistency between what he preach and what he does, he should have creative skills and should have an eye for creativity to acknowledge the creativity shown by others (MANNING, 2003, p.364). Some other skills that a leader require is emotional intelligence, emotional intelligence is referred to as the ability to figure out the emotional issues that one is suffering and then helping them to solve those issues. A leader should have a strong vision of the future and should be able to inspire others thr ough the vision and should be motivated towards the long term achievements of the organization. He should be able to not only respond to the needs of his/her team members at the team level, he should address their issues at the individual level as well. A leader should be high in self esteem and should view him positively, he should stand for trust and integrity and pass on the same message to his/her followers. He should have adopted or learned technical skills in order to assist team members when ever required, he/she should have the ability to not only delegate responsibility, he should even delegate authority so followers can accomplish their task in the best manner and he should always provide feedback to employees to keep them motivated. These are some of the characteristics and skills of a leader, these skills and characteristics do overlap with the skills and abilities of a manger, still there is tremendous amount of difference between these two occupations. Several definiti ons that differentiate leadership from management and managers are available. This does not necessarily means that both these positions cannot be handled by one single individual. One individual has the ability to carry out the responsibilities of a leader as well as a manager. Management is defined as a body that has the power to direct individuals within an organization by administering, supervising these individuals. Both leadership and management have various aspects in common. The principle job of both the responsibilities includes influencing others within an organization, assisting those who are working with them and for them in an bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-55857942136166087422019-11-18T21:01:00.001-08:002019-11-18T21:01:03.451-08:00Policy analysis 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsPolicy analysis 2 - Assignment Example This resulted to various birth complications during the delivery process. The introduction of Medicaid cover has enable sufficient access to proper medical services by pregnant women in the state thus increasing its birthrate. The year 2013 recorded increase in the number of registered births in the state of Georgia. The figure rose to 133,947 which depict a 25% increase when compared to the registered birth records in 2011. This is as a result of various approaches put into practice by the Georgia medical service council. For instance, the percentage Medicaid maternal cover for all pregnant women was raised from 25% to 40% thus reducing the labour expense by 15%. GORRC (2013). As a result, 53,579 births were covered by Medicaid in the year 2013. This included an approximate 50% (Gutowski et. al, 2010. Pg. 5) outpatient and inpatient lactation consultation fees where a cost per encounter was $250 (Breastfeeding Inc). The approximate medical saving per woman was $27.5 thus generating a total cost savings of $3683543 from the improved infant health outcomes. Women without lactation consultation were also entitled to the Medicaid fee. The improved infant health led to an increase rate of breast finding as women with no lactation consultation rose to 70% compared to 40% in the previous years (GORRC). This notion indicated a positive approach in infant health care increased the number of women who breastfeed to those using powdered milk (NRDC, 2010). Women who breastfeed were approximately 45, 221 while those who do not breast feed their children summed up to 8358. This approach reduced the incidences of Otitis to babies who are not breastfed and women in the stage of breastfeeding. Episodes of Otitis media reduced from 60% in 2011 to 40.42% in 2013 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Despite the improved infant health care in Georgia, the consultation fee ought to be high for the low income earners in the state. As a result, the figure of bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-16741652391564848822019-11-16T09:34:00.001-08:002019-11-16T09:34:11.334-08:00Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market ReturnImpact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return CHAPTER 1 Stock market plays an important role in the economic development of a country. Stock exchange performance has attained significant role in global economics and financial markets, due to their impact on corporate finance and economic activity. For instance stock exchanges enable firms to acquire capital quickly, due to the ease with which securities are traded. Stock exchange activity, thus, plays an important role in helping to determine the effects of macroeconomic activities. Stock market returns are the returns that the investors generate out of the stock market; it can be in the form of dividends or profits, as a company gets its dividends and profits in the form of their share holders in the secondary market. Well there is a definite change in the market as with the behavior changes with the discount rate, changes can be technical or non-technical. Technical changes refers to the internal changes and non-technical as external changes which are mostly related to the behavior and response of the customers and consumers. Equity returns also measured by the industrial index respond rather rapidly to the unexpected announcements of discount rate changes. Not only affecting equity returns, the unexpected discount rate changes also contribute to higher market volatility. An unexpected discount rate change also induces trading which is more supportive of the contention that public information causes price changes with trading. Increased trading volume due to unexpected public information, however, occurs only in the current period. Whenever, the market is not efficient, stock prices adjust to new information slowly and it is possible to generate abnormal profits. Financial market volatility is important for investors confidence, for port-folio selection, and for the pricing of both primary and derivative securities. Market volatility is not related to existing public information such as expected discount rate change announcements. Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Indexà (KSE-100 Index) is aà stock indexà acting as a standard to compare prices on theà Karachi Stock Exchangeà (KSE) over a period of time. In formative representative companies to calculate the index on, companies with the maximumà market capitalizationà are selected. On the other hand, to ensure maximum market representation, the company with the maximum market capitalization from each sector is also incorporated.. 1.2 Problem Statement To study the impact of discount rate changes on stock market return 1.3 Research Hypothesis: The expected discount rate change announcements have impact on stock market return. 1.4 Outline of the Study The aim of the study is to observe Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return. This Study is observing on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). Theà Karachi Stock Exchangeà is aà stock exchangeà situated inà Karachi,à Pakistan, established on 18 September, 1947 it started with 5 companies with a capital of Rs. 37 million. It is Pakistans biggest and oldest stock exchange, with a lot of Pakistani as well as overseas listings. Its present premises are placed on Stock Exchange Road, in the heart of Karachis Business District. KSE starts with a 50 shares index. As the market develops a representative index was needed. In poor political condition, social issues, financial and other problems, KSE played a very important role in the financial system of Pakistan. KSE 100-index showed a return of 40.19% and became the sixth best markets in the year 2007. It gets a biggest milestone by touching of KSE-100 Index level of 15,000 for the foremost time in the history of Karachi sto ck exchange on 20 April, 2008. On the other hand, the raise of 7.4 percent in 2008 build-up the best performer in all the emerging market. The KSE 100TM Index closed at 9645 points on 19 June, 2010. Although by 30th July total market capitalisation of the KSE reached Rs2.95 trillion, approximately around 35 billion dollars CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW As it can be figured out by the models of stock market and about the interest rates, value of share in the stock market, maturity of the bonds with short run and long run and the value of the capital as well as the factor of production, All these things influence a great deal towards the changes as well as the demand and supply model. Equilibrium is also there, which is basically an intersection, the point where the quantity of supply equal to the quantity demands. Output and interest rates plays a bigger role in the discount changes, as from the different policies, laws and models have been mentioned in the previous studies. If prices are fixed country can never faced inflation because of the nominal and real rates. Output depends on the stock market and fiscal policy (Blume, 1994). The stock market is the ratio of steady-state profit to the steady-state interest rate. If the money increases in the market the steady-state effects are quite clear, Output and stock market are higher in the equilibrium. The higher money stock lowers the real interest rate and thus the cost of capital. This was all about a monetary expansion under fixed price. We find that in the pre-79 period, there was no securities market response to either technical or nontechnical changes, while in the post-79 period there was no response to technical changes (Hardouvelis and Gikas, 1987). Discount rate changes will affect market rate and equity returns if such changes brings information about either short- or long- run monetary policy objectives. So an in increase in the discount will definitely help to attract more and more people towards the policy, and there will be a huge amount of change in the customers and clients response towards it. As a result, current (spot) and expected short-term rates rise in reaction to reduced short-run money growth. Long-term rates and forward rates may also increase to reflect the higher expected short-term rates. It doesnt have much impact over the long-term rates as it has on short-term rates just because the monetary policy and consumers response (Maberly, 1992). Short term rates makes more people attractive and kind of working well for the secondary markets, so mostly they all rely on the short-term rates, as they prefer short-term rates than long-term rates. And short-term is the one which affect a great deal. The impact of discount rate changes on equity prices can operate through two possible channels. This is most readily seen by viewing the value of the firm as the present value of its future net cash flows. To some extent discount rate increases (decreases) result in increases (decreases) in interest rates. It has also based on the capital or investment as well, capital can fall or rise just because of the stock prices, stock prices has an ultimate effect on capital and economic activity can be disturbed too, that also can be altered due to this price change. If the capitalization rates and cash flow expectation are affected by discount rate changes, these effects will also work in the same direction. From previous studies we have an i dea that stock prices declines to be associated with discount rate increases (Ederington and Lee, 1993). Considering the New York stock exchange, the stock return data are the daily percentage return on the New York Stock Exchange value-weighted index and is denoted SP. The interest rate data are for constant maturity Treasury securities and include eight different maturities: 90-, 180-, and 360-day bills and three-, five-, seven-, ten-, and twenty-year bonds. These rates are obtained from DRI, who compile them from the Federal Reserve Board Statistical Release from DRI. These eight interests are used to calculate seven forward rates in addition to the 90-day bill rate. The stock price coefficient for the post-79 period suggests a 1 percent increase (decrease) in the discount rate will result in a decline (increase) of 1.06 percent in stock prices. A similar finding in reported for the interest rate data. Only one interest rate series evidences a significant market reaction in the pre-79 period, while six of the eight interest rates indicate a significant market response over the post-7 9 period (Gerety, and Mulherin, 1992). Although the early researches result indicates that the real issue is whether the observed announcement effect, regardless of the monetary policy regime, indicates market inefficiency. In classification of the discount rate changes from the previous discussion we have evaluated that to assess properly the announcement effects of discount rate changes, it is necessary to distinguish technical from nontechnical changes. There are several short comings with this approach that limit its usefulness in predicting discount rate changes and cast substantial doubt on the assumption of discount rate erogeneity (Lee and Bong, 1992). Researches rely on two different methods to classify discount rate changes. The best model, both in terms of in-sample fit and prediction of actual discount rate changes, related changes in the discount rate (measured in basis points) to the spread between the Fed Funds rate and the discount rate. Nonetheless, if the model incorporates the relevant information set, then by construction the forecast and optimal predictions based on available information and, therefore, rational. Through the study of different modules we came on to know in conclusion that the purpose of this has been to reconcile previous findings of both an endogenous discount rate and discount rate announcement effects with market efficiency (Harris, 1986). By classifying discount rate changes as either technical or non-technical, and recognizing that the latter are (at least) partially endogenous, it is argued that, within the framework of market efficiency, the discount rate can fail tests of statistical erogeneity and still exhibit announcement effects. The empirical evidence of this paper supports this view and suggests that previous studies were missing specified by not controlling for the purpose of discount rate change. The evidence also implies that the common assumption contained in virtually all theoretical and empirical macroeconomic models, that the discount rate is either purely endogenous or purely exogenous, is inappropriate. This also specifies market only react when there appears to be a shift in policy- in the discount rate. At least from this standpoint, one cannot rule out the discount rate as a useful tool of monetary policy. Eventually, our results support the existence of efficient markets based on the dual findin gs that only nontechnical changes are characterized by announcement effects and that virtually the entire market adjustments occurs by the end of the announcement day (Jones, 1994). From previous studies the issue of monetary neutrality has long been debated by financial economists. There was evidence been brought in to the market which says that increases in the growth rate of money raises stock returns? Monetary policy affects the real economy, and whether its effects are quantitatively important, remain open questions. These questions by examining the effects of monetary policy innovations on stock return data. Theory posits that stock prices equal the expected present value of future net cash flows. To examine the relationship between monetary policy and stock returns, a variety of empirical techniques are employed. The size portfolios are useful for investigating why monetary policy matters, if in fact it does. If monetary policy has real effects, one reason for this could be that it affects firms balance sheets. To investigate whether monetary policy affects size and industry portfolios, both impulse responses and innovation accounting methods are used. Al l the results in table one to four measures the effects of monetary policy shocks on nominal stock returns. In considering the question of monetary neutrality, we are interested in whether monetary policy affects real stock returns. Thus rather than complicate the analysis by considering the best way to measure expected inflation we focus on results using nominal returns. Through the different systems results reported are robust to minor changes in the specification. When total reserves are dropped, employment growth or unemployment is used instead of industrial production growth, the non stationary variables are first-differenced, and the number of lags is changed (Marshall and David, 1992). There was another approach to identifying monetary shocks is Data and Methodology which is been made to the use of Federal Reserve statements and other historical documents over the period to identify exogenous changes in monetary policy and the responses of real variables. This narrative approach has recently employed to assemble a much larger sample of monetary policy shocks. An alternative way is used to test whether monetary policy affects stock returns (Morse, 1981). A growing number of papers in both the economics and finance literature focus on the effect of economic news on asset returns. Nonetheless, there seems a wide gap between these two literatures. These elements of surprise in one particular type of news announcements of short-term interest rate decisions made by the Open Market Committee affect the volatility of the stock market in the short term. Relationship between monetary policy and daily stock market volatility from two vantage points: days around regularly scheduled meetings of the stock market committee, the main monetary policy making body and days of actual policy decisions involving the target level of the federal funds rate (Fama and Kenneth, 1995). Turning to the days of actual policy decisions regardless of whether they were announced on regularly scheduled meetings days. Some evidence was found that such decisions tend to boost volatility in the stock market. The effect of policy decisions is greatest that exclude those decisions that were fully anticipated by market. Besides identifying monetary policy announcements as an important source of short-run volatility in the stock market, this will also addresses broader issues in the finance literature. In particular, higher interest rates induce higher leverage ratios, which in turn increase the risk associated with holding stocks and the volatility of stock returns (Patell and Wolfson, 1984). In examining the relationship between the stock market and fiscal policy, all models combined two different approaches widely used in the monetary economics and finance literature. In particular, in analyzing the markets response to scheduled and unscheduled announcements, a potentially interesting issue is whether the corresponding impulse response functions for volatility are significantly different. Other issues that also merit further consideration include a closer look at the relationship between first- and second- moment responses to policy news and the explicit analysis of risk premiums around announcements days (Penman, 1987). From all these models and theories, have come to know that anything that happens in the secondary market, it does have an impact over the entire economy as we have gone through from the different examples across the world. Even if it is pre-announcement, monetary policy or whatever, stock market does change its state according to the circumstances and events. Pre-announcements are also made as precautions that are for safety announcements for the share holders of the companies. Due to this they can easily draw their amount and will not have to see further more difficulties. Unpredictability or volatility is always there in the market, when the investors just to keep on guessing for the right time to invest and stock holders wait for the right time to buy shares of the companies and all this process makes things more complicated especially for the investors and then it effects the stock market. Monetary policy on the other hand takes things more attractive for the investors and share holders that they believe their money is in safe place so they would love to invest as long as they are sure about the monetary policy (Stoll and Whaley, 1990). Policies are always made for the betterment of the people who are your clients or customers as per organization requirements, it also refers to the trust that how much they trust on their policies that people could come and invest. Banks do the same thing; the only thing they sell is trust, because as many people trust on you as they will go on to be their customers. Many of the sources indicate that there is a connection between news and stock prices, finance literature highlights that too. The finance literature focus on economic announcements per se, without controlling for the element of surprise in such announcements, might help to explain why so many studies have failed to find a significant link between market volatility and economic news. Either by implicitly assuming that the conditional volatility of stock returns is time invariant or by simply leaving its time-varying nature unspecified, monetary economists have failed to consider a potentially significant effect of policy surprises on the short-run behavior of the market (Wood and McInish, 1985). Equity returns also measured by the industrial index respond rather rapidly to the unexpected announcements of discount rate changes. Not only affecting equity returns, the unexpected discount rate changes also contribute to higher market volatility. An unexpected discount rate change also induces trading which is more supportive of the contention that public information causes price changes with trading. Increased trading volume due to unexpected public information, however, occurs only in the current period. Whenever, the market is not efficient, stock prices adjust to new information slowly and it is possible to generate abnormal profits. Financial market volatility is important for investors confidence, for port-folio selection, and for the pricing of both primary and derivative securities. Market volatility is not related to existing public information such as expected discount rate change announcements (Richard Roll and Stephen Ross, 1986). CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD This chapter explains the methodology used for the research study. The main research data set is used in this paper consist of KSE 100 index listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. It is the data for last ten years 2000 to 2010 for every monetary policy has been announced Data would be collected through the website and business recorder website. This chapter also discusses the methods to evaluate validity and reliability of research for the factors associated with the Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return. 3.1 Method of data collection: The secondary data which was used in this research was available on the website of Karachi Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2010. 3.2 Sample size and Sampling Technique: In this research, data from the year 2000 to 2010 has been taken as a sample size. The data collected through Karachi Stock Market and State Bank of Pakistan 3.3 Instrument of Data Collection: This research was carried out through Secondary Data. 3.4 Statistical tool used: In order to measure the relationship between the variables stock market return and discount rate and impact of discount rate change on stock market return, Regression is used as a statistical tool in this research. SPSS software is used to evaluate the relationship between the two variables CHAPTER 4 RESULTS Hypothesis Testing Ho: The expected discount rate changes announcements have impact on stock market return. Table 4.1 From the above Durbin Watson value, it has been clarified that there was an existence of auto correlation in the data set. In order to resolve the issue we have generated the lag variables of the dependent variable up to the level 2. Table 4.2 Form the above table we can observe the value of the Adjusted R Square is .934 or 93.4%. It means that 1 unit change in the set of independent variables brings out the 93.4% change in the variation of dependent variable. With the inclusion of the lag variables in the data set, the problem auto correlation has been resolved. The Durbin Watson value mentioned in the above table is 1.964 closer to 2. Value closer to 2 means that there is no auto correlation exists in the data set. Table 4.3 From the above table we can observe that the significant value of the above ANOVAs test model 2 is less that 0.05. It means that the data is suitable for the application of regression model. Table 4.4 The above table shows the coefficient value of the analysis. As it can be observed that, the significant value of the discount rate is less than 0.05 it means that the change in discount rate has a significant impact on the stock therefore; the Null hypothesis is not rejected. At 95% confidence interval level the significant value of alpha/constant is 0.000 it means that the in the absence of all the variables the minimum return of the KSE is equal to the alpha value. The Beta value of lag 1 is 5376.550 it means that the today returns from the stock market is dependent on the stock market returns after the announcement of last monetary policy. For e.g. if the current stock return are equal to 1 the stock returns after the announcement of the next monetary policy is 5376.550 times of the current stock returns. The relationship of the lag 2 stock returns is vice versa of the lag 1 stock returns. It has a negative relationship with the current stock returns. Graph 4.1 The above diagram shows the trend of the KSE index and the change in discount rates for the last 10 years in the country. On a whole an upward trend has been observed in the KSE 100 index it is due to the increase in the FDI investments as well as the development in the financial sectors. The change in the discount rate shows overall a mix trend, we can observe a huge peaks and valleys in the graph. In our research, we have not found any significant relationship among the announcement of change in discount rate and stock returns. Some of these factors are political situation of the country, foreign direct investments, Law and order situation and most importantly exchange rate. Collectively, all these factors are contributing in the stock returns. However, change in the discount rate do impact the stock returns but, not in the short run, in the long run the chances are quite high that it does impact on the stock returns in Karachi Stock market. The reason behind the Long term affect i s that, the change in the discount rate affects the profitability of the companies in the next coming quarters so, immediately the affect in the stock returns are not massive that are in the long run. 4.2 Hypotheses Assessment Summary The hypotheses of this research study are based on variables like stock market return and discount rate intraday. The significant value is less than 0.05 It means that the data is suitable for the application of regression model. S.NO. Hypotheses T SIG. RESULT H1 the expected discount rate changes announcement have impact on stock market return. 11.991 .000 Accepted CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 5.1 Conclusion As anticipated, expected discount rate changes, representing existing public information, have no impact on the trading volume for the current period nor does for any other periods. Public information also induces trading only in the current period but not in the future periods. More trading has occurred during the decreasing discount rate periods than the increasing discount rate periods as evidenced by the significant parameter. 5.2 Discussion This research shows that the change in the discount rate shows overall a mix trend, it can be observed a huge peaks and valleys in the graph. In this research there was no significant relationship found among the announcement of change in discount rate and stock returns. The reason behind this is, other than monetary policy there are lots of other factors that are contributing towards the stock returns in Karachi stock market. Some of these factors are political situation of the country, foreign direct investments, Law and order situation and most importantly exchange rate. Collectively, all these factors are contributing in the stock returns. However, change in the discount rate do impact the stock returns but, not in the short run, in the long run the chances are quite high that it does impact on the stock returns in Karachi Stock market. The reason behind the Long term affect is that, the change in the discount rate affects the profitability of the companies in the next coming qua rters so, immediately the affect in the stock returns are not massive that are in the long run. In this research it has been identified more accurately that if and when the stock market responds to the release of the discount rate change information. More importantly, studying the market volatility and trading volume sheds additional light on the information literature. Equity returns respond negatively and significantly to the unexpected announcements of discount rate changes, while the expected changes generally have no bearing on the equity returns. 5.3 Implementations For practical implementation, this research can be used to analyze the impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return as The effect of discount rate changes on stock market returns. Equity returns generally respond negatively and significantly to the unexpected announcements; however, the effect of expected changes on equity returns is insignificant. Abnormal trading volume occurs only in period. 5.4 Recommendations Pre-announcement, monetary policy or whatever, stock market does change its state according to the circumstances and events. Pre-announcements are also made as precautions that are for safety announcements for the share holders of the companies. Due to this they can easily draw their amount and will not have to see further more difficulties. Unpredictability or volatility is always there in the market, when the investors just to keep on guessing for the right time to invest and stock holders wait for the right time to buy shares of the companies nd all this process makes things more complicated especially for the investors and then it effects the stock market. CHAPTER 6 REFERNCES Blume, L, 1994, Market statistics and technical analysis, the role of volume. Journal of Finance, 49, 153-181. Ederington, L.H and Lee, J.H, 1993, How markets process information, News releases and volatility, Journal of Finance, 48, 1161-1191. Fama and Kenneth, 1995, Size and book-to-market factors in earnings and returns, Journal of Finance, 50, 131-156. Gerety, M.S and Mulherin, H.J, 1992, Trading halts and market activity, An analysis of volume at the open and the close, Journal of Finance, 47, 1765-1784. Harris, L, 1986, A transaction data study of weekly and intradaily patterns in stock returns, Journal of Financial Economics, 16, 99-117. Hardouvelis, Gikas, 1987, Reserves announcements and interest rates, Does monetary policy matter? Journal of Finance, 42, 407-422. Lee, Bong-Soo, 1992, Causal relations among stock returns, interest rates, real activity, and inflation, Journal of Finance, 47, 1591-1603. Maberly, E.D, 1992, Odd-lot transactions around the turn of the year, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 27, 591-604. Jones, 1994. Information, trading and volatility, Journal of Financial Economics, 36, 127-154. Morse, D, 1981, Price and trading volume reaction surrounding earnings announcements, A closer examination. Journal of Accounting Research 19, 374-383. Marshall and David, 1992, Inflation and asset returns in a monetary economy, Journal of Finance, 47, 1315-1342. Penman, S.H, 1987, The distribution of earnings news over time and seasonalities in aggregate stock returns, Journal of Financial Economics, 18, 199-228. Patell, J.M and Wolfson, M.A, 1984, The intraday speed of adjustment of stock prices to earnings and dividend announcements, Journal of Financial Economics 13, 223-252. Richard Roll, and Stephen Ross, 1986, Economic forces and the stock market, Journal of Business, 59, 383-403. Stoll and Whaley, 1990, The dynamics of stock index and stock index futures returns, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 25, 441-468. Wood, and McInish, 1985, An investigation of transaction data for NYSE stocks, Journal of Finance 60, 723-739. Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return CHAPTER 1 Stock market plays an important role in the economic development of a country. Stock exchange performance has attained significant role in global economics and financial markets, due to their impact on corporate finance and economic activity. For instance stock exchanges enable firms to acquire capital quickly, due to the ease with which securities are traded. Stock exchange activity, thus, plays an important role in helping to determine the effects of macroeconomic activities. Stock market returns are the returns that the investors generate out of the stock market; it can be in the form of dividends or profits, as a company gets its dividends and profits in the form of their share holders in the secondary market. Well there is a definite change in the market as with the behavior changes with the discount rate, changes can be technical or non-technical. Technical changes refers to the internal changes and non-technical as external changes which are mostly related to the behavior and response of the customers and consumers. Equity returns also measured by the industrial index respond rather rapidly to the unexpected announcements of discount rate changes. Not only affecting equity returns, the unexpected discount rate changes also contribute to higher market volatility. An unexpected discount rate change also induces trading which is more supportive of the contention that public information causes price changes with trading. Increased trading volume due to unexpected public information, however, occurs only in the current period. Whenever, the market is not efficient, stock prices adjust to new information slowly and it is possible to generate abnormal profits. Financial market volatility is important for investors confidence, for port-folio selection, and for the pricing of both primary and derivative securities. Market volatility is not related to existing public information such as expected discount rate change announcements. Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Indexà (KSE-100 Index) is aà stock indexà acting as a standard to compare prices on theà Karachi Stock Exchangeà (KSE) over a period of time. In formative representative companies to calculate the index on, companies with the maximumà market capitalizationà are selected. On the other hand, to ensure maximum market representation, the company with the maximum market capitalization from each sector is also incorporated.. 1.2 Problem Statement To study the impact of discount rate changes on stock market return 1.3 Research Hypothesis: The expected discount rate change announcements have impact on stock market return. 1.4 Outline of the Study The aim of the study is to observe Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return. This Study is observing on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). Theà Karachi Stock Exchangeà is aà stock exchangeà situated inà Karachi,à Pakistan, established on 18 September, 1947 it started with 5 companies with a capital of Rs. 37 million. It is Pakistans biggest and oldest stock exchange, with a lot of Pakistani as well as overseas listings. Its present premises are placed on Stock Exchange Road, in the heart of Karachis Business District. KSE starts with a 50 shares index. As the market develops a representative index was needed. In poor political condition, social issues, financial and other problems, KSE played a very important role in the financial system of Pakistan. KSE 100-index showed a return of 40.19% and became the sixth best markets in the year 2007. It gets a biggest milestone by touching of KSE-100 Index level of 15,000 for the foremost time in the history of Karachi sto ck exchange on 20 April, 2008. On the other hand, the raise of 7.4 percent in 2008 build-up the best performer in all the emerging market. The KSE 100TM Index closed at 9645 points on 19 June, 2010. Although by 30th July total market capitalisation of the KSE reached Rs2.95 trillion, approximately around 35 billion dollars CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW As it can be figured out by the models of stock market and about the interest rates, value of share in the stock market, maturity of the bonds with short run and long run and the value of the capital as well as the factor of production, All these things influence a great deal towards the changes as well as the demand and supply model. Equilibrium is also there, which is basically an intersection, the point where the quantity of supply equal to the quantity demands. Output and interest rates plays a bigger role in the discount changes, as from the different policies, laws and models have been mentioned in the previous studies. If prices are fixed country can never faced inflation because of the nominal and real rates. Output depends on the stock market and fiscal policy (Blume, 1994). The stock market is the ratio of steady-state profit to the steady-state interest rate. If the money increases in the market the steady-state effects are quite clear, Output and stock market are higher in the equilibrium. The higher money stock lowers the real interest rate and thus the cost of capital. This was all about a monetary expansion under fixed price. We find that in the pre-79 period, there was no securities market response to either technical or nontechnical changes, while in the post-79 period there was no response to technical changes (Hardouvelis and Gikas, 1987). Discount rate changes will affect market rate and equity returns if such changes brings information about either short- or long- run monetary policy objectives. So an in increase in the discount will definitely help to attract more and more people towards the policy, and there will be a huge amount of change in the customers and clients response towards it. As a result, current (spot) and expected short-term rates rise in reaction to reduced short-run money growth. Long-term rates and forward rates may also increase to reflect the higher expected short-term rates. It doesnt have much impact over the long-term rates as it has on short-term rates just because the monetary policy and consumers response (Maberly, 1992). Short term rates makes more people attractive and kind of working well for the secondary markets, so mostly they all rely on the short-term rates, as they prefer short-term rates than long-term rates. And short-term is the one which affect a great deal. The impact of discount rate changes on equity prices can operate through two possible channels. This is most readily seen by viewing the value of the firm as the present value of its future net cash flows. To some extent discount rate increases (decreases) result in increases (decreases) in interest rates. It has also based on the capital or investment as well, capital can fall or rise just because of the stock prices, stock prices has an ultimate effect on capital and economic activity can be disturbed too, that also can be altered due to this price change. If the capitalization rates and cash flow expectation are affected by discount rate changes, these effects will also work in the same direction. From previous studies we have an i dea that stock prices declines to be associated with discount rate increases (Ederington and Lee, 1993). Considering the New York stock exchange, the stock return data are the daily percentage return on the New York Stock Exchange value-weighted index and is denoted SP. The interest rate data are for constant maturity Treasury securities and include eight different maturities: 90-, 180-, and 360-day bills and three-, five-, seven-, ten-, and twenty-year bonds. These rates are obtained from DRI, who compile them from the Federal Reserve Board Statistical Release from DRI. These eight interests are used to calculate seven forward rates in addition to the 90-day bill rate. The stock price coefficient for the post-79 period suggests a 1 percent increase (decrease) in the discount rate will result in a decline (increase) of 1.06 percent in stock prices. A similar finding in reported for the interest rate data. Only one interest rate series evidences a significant market reaction in the pre-79 period, while six of the eight interest rates indicate a significant market response over the post-7 9 period (Gerety, and Mulherin, 1992). Although the early researches result indicates that the real issue is whether the observed announcement effect, regardless of the monetary policy regime, indicates market inefficiency. In classification of the discount rate changes from the previous discussion we have evaluated that to assess properly the announcement effects of discount rate changes, it is necessary to distinguish technical from nontechnical changes. There are several short comings with this approach that limit its usefulness in predicting discount rate changes and cast substantial doubt on the assumption of discount rate erogeneity (Lee and Bong, 1992). Researches rely on two different methods to classify discount rate changes. The best model, both in terms of in-sample fit and prediction of actual discount rate changes, related changes in the discount rate (measured in basis points) to the spread between the Fed Funds rate and the discount rate. Nonetheless, if the model incorporates the relevant information set, then by construction the forecast and optimal predictions based on available information and, therefore, rational. Through the study of different modules we came on to know in conclusion that the purpose of this has been to reconcile previous findings of both an endogenous discount rate and discount rate announcement effects with market efficiency (Harris, 1986). By classifying discount rate changes as either technical or non-technical, and recognizing that the latter are (at least) partially endogenous, it is argued that, within the framework of market efficiency, the discount rate can fail tests of statistical erogeneity and still exhibit announcement effects. The empirical evidence of this paper supports this view and suggests that previous studies were missing specified by not controlling for the purpose of discount rate change. The evidence also implies that the common assumption contained in virtually all theoretical and empirical macroeconomic models, that the discount rate is either purely endogenous or purely exogenous, is inappropriate. This also specifies market only react when there appears to be a shift in policy- in the discount rate. At least from this standpoint, one cannot rule out the discount rate as a useful tool of monetary policy. Eventually, our results support the existence of efficient markets based on the dual findin gs that only nontechnical changes are characterized by announcement effects and that virtually the entire market adjustments occurs by the end of the announcement day (Jones, 1994). From previous studies the issue of monetary neutrality has long been debated by financial economists. There was evidence been brought in to the market which says that increases in the growth rate of money raises stock returns? Monetary policy affects the real economy, and whether its effects are quantitatively important, remain open questions. These questions by examining the effects of monetary policy innovations on stock return data. Theory posits that stock prices equal the expected present value of future net cash flows. To examine the relationship between monetary policy and stock returns, a variety of empirical techniques are employed. The size portfolios are useful for investigating why monetary policy matters, if in fact it does. If monetary policy has real effects, one reason for this could be that it affects firms balance sheets. To investigate whether monetary policy affects size and industry portfolios, both impulse responses and innovation accounting methods are used. Al l the results in table one to four measures the effects of monetary policy shocks on nominal stock returns. In considering the question of monetary neutrality, we are interested in whether monetary policy affects real stock returns. Thus rather than complicate the analysis by considering the best way to measure expected inflation we focus on results using nominal returns. Through the different systems results reported are robust to minor changes in the specification. When total reserves are dropped, employment growth or unemployment is used instead of industrial production growth, the non stationary variables are first-differenced, and the number of lags is changed (Marshall and David, 1992). There was another approach to identifying monetary shocks is Data and Methodology which is been made to the use of Federal Reserve statements and other historical documents over the period to identify exogenous changes in monetary policy and the responses of real variables. This narrative approach has recently employed to assemble a much larger sample of monetary policy shocks. An alternative way is used to test whether monetary policy affects stock returns (Morse, 1981). A growing number of papers in both the economics and finance literature focus on the effect of economic news on asset returns. Nonetheless, there seems a wide gap between these two literatures. These elements of surprise in one particular type of news announcements of short-term interest rate decisions made by the Open Market Committee affect the volatility of the stock market in the short term. Relationship between monetary policy and daily stock market volatility from two vantage points: days around regularly scheduled meetings of the stock market committee, the main monetary policy making body and days of actual policy decisions involving the target level of the federal funds rate (Fama and Kenneth, 1995). Turning to the days of actual policy decisions regardless of whether they were announced on regularly scheduled meetings days. Some evidence was found that such decisions tend to boost volatility in the stock market. The effect of policy decisions is greatest that exclude those decisions that were fully anticipated by market. Besides identifying monetary policy announcements as an important source of short-run volatility in the stock market, this will also addresses broader issues in the finance literature. In particular, higher interest rates induce higher leverage ratios, which in turn increase the risk associated with holding stocks and the volatility of stock returns (Patell and Wolfson, 1984). In examining the relationship between the stock market and fiscal policy, all models combined two different approaches widely used in the monetary economics and finance literature. In particular, in analyzing the markets response to scheduled and unscheduled announcements, a potentially interesting issue is whether the corresponding impulse response functions for volatility are significantly different. Other issues that also merit further consideration include a closer look at the relationship between first- and second- moment responses to policy news and the explicit analysis of risk premiums around announcements days (Penman, 1987). From all these models and theories, have come to know that anything that happens in the secondary market, it does have an impact over the entire economy as we have gone through from the different examples across the world. Even if it is pre-announcement, monetary policy or whatever, stock market does change its state according to the circumstances and events. Pre-announcements are also made as precautions that are for safety announcements for the share holders of the companies. Due to this they can easily draw their amount and will not have to see further more difficulties. Unpredictability or volatility is always there in the market, when the investors just to keep on guessing for the right time to invest and stock holders wait for the right time to buy shares of the companies and all this process makes things more complicated especially for the investors and then it effects the stock market. Monetary policy on the other hand takes things more attractive for the investors and share holders that they believe their money is in safe place so they would love to invest as long as they are sure about the monetary policy (Stoll and Whaley, 1990). Policies are always made for the betterment of the people who are your clients or customers as per organization requirements, it also refers to the trust that how much they trust on their policies that people could come and invest. Banks do the same thing; the only thing they sell is trust, because as many people trust on you as they will go on to be their customers. Many of the sources indicate that there is a connection between news and stock prices, finance literature highlights that too. The finance literature focus on economic announcements per se, without controlling for the element of surprise in such announcements, might help to explain why so many studies have failed to find a significant link between market volatility and economic news. Either by implicitly assuming that the conditional volatility of stock returns is time invariant or by simply leaving its time-varying nature unspecified, monetary economists have failed to consider a potentially significant effect of policy surprises on the short-run behavior of the market (Wood and McInish, 1985). Equity returns also measured by the industrial index respond rather rapidly to the unexpected announcements of discount rate changes. Not only affecting equity returns, the unexpected discount rate changes also contribute to higher market volatility. An unexpected discount rate change also induces trading which is more supportive of the contention that public information causes price changes with trading. Increased trading volume due to unexpected public information, however, occurs only in the current period. Whenever, the market is not efficient, stock prices adjust to new information slowly and it is possible to generate abnormal profits. Financial market volatility is important for investors confidence, for port-folio selection, and for the pricing of both primary and derivative securities. Market volatility is not related to existing public information such as expected discount rate change announcements (Richard Roll and Stephen Ross, 1986). CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD This chapter explains the methodology used for the research study. The main research data set is used in this paper consist of KSE 100 index listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. It is the data for last ten years 2000 to 2010 for every monetary policy has been announced Data would be collected through the website and business recorder website. This chapter also discusses the methods to evaluate validity and reliability of research for the factors associated with the Impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return. 3.1 Method of data collection: The secondary data which was used in this research was available on the website of Karachi Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2010. 3.2 Sample size and Sampling Technique: In this research, data from the year 2000 to 2010 has been taken as a sample size. The data collected through Karachi Stock Market and State Bank of Pakistan 3.3 Instrument of Data Collection: This research was carried out through Secondary Data. 3.4 Statistical tool used: In order to measure the relationship between the variables stock market return and discount rate and impact of discount rate change on stock market return, Regression is used as a statistical tool in this research. SPSS software is used to evaluate the relationship between the two variables CHAPTER 4 RESULTS Hypothesis Testing Ho: The expected discount rate changes announcements have impact on stock market return. Table 4.1 From the above Durbin Watson value, it has been clarified that there was an existence of auto correlation in the data set. In order to resolve the issue we have generated the lag variables of the dependent variable up to the level 2. Table 4.2 Form the above table we can observe the value of the Adjusted R Square is .934 or 93.4%. It means that 1 unit change in the set of independent variables brings out the 93.4% change in the variation of dependent variable. With the inclusion of the lag variables in the data set, the problem auto correlation has been resolved. The Durbin Watson value mentioned in the above table is 1.964 closer to 2. Value closer to 2 means that there is no auto correlation exists in the data set. Table 4.3 From the above table we can observe that the significant value of the above ANOVAs test model 2 is less that 0.05. It means that the data is suitable for the application of regression model. Table 4.4 The above table shows the coefficient value of the analysis. As it can be observed that, the significant value of the discount rate is less than 0.05 it means that the change in discount rate has a significant impact on the stock therefore; the Null hypothesis is not rejected. At 95% confidence interval level the significant value of alpha/constant is 0.000 it means that the in the absence of all the variables the minimum return of the KSE is equal to the alpha value. The Beta value of lag 1 is 5376.550 it means that the today returns from the stock market is dependent on the stock market returns after the announcement of last monetary policy. For e.g. if the current stock return are equal to 1 the stock returns after the announcement of the next monetary policy is 5376.550 times of the current stock returns. The relationship of the lag 2 stock returns is vice versa of the lag 1 stock returns. It has a negative relationship with the current stock returns. Graph 4.1 The above diagram shows the trend of the KSE index and the change in discount rates for the last 10 years in the country. On a whole an upward trend has been observed in the KSE 100 index it is due to the increase in the FDI investments as well as the development in the financial sectors. The change in the discount rate shows overall a mix trend, we can observe a huge peaks and valleys in the graph. In our research, we have not found any significant relationship among the announcement of change in discount rate and stock returns. Some of these factors are political situation of the country, foreign direct investments, Law and order situation and most importantly exchange rate. Collectively, all these factors are contributing in the stock returns. However, change in the discount rate do impact the stock returns but, not in the short run, in the long run the chances are quite high that it does impact on the stock returns in Karachi Stock market. The reason behind the Long term affect i s that, the change in the discount rate affects the profitability of the companies in the next coming quarters so, immediately the affect in the stock returns are not massive that are in the long run. 4.2 Hypotheses Assessment Summary The hypotheses of this research study are based on variables like stock market return and discount rate intraday. The significant value is less than 0.05 It means that the data is suitable for the application of regression model. S.NO. Hypotheses T SIG. RESULT H1 the expected discount rate changes announcement have impact on stock market return. 11.991 .000 Accepted CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 5.1 Conclusion As anticipated, expected discount rate changes, representing existing public information, have no impact on the trading volume for the current period nor does for any other periods. Public information also induces trading only in the current period but not in the future periods. More trading has occurred during the decreasing discount rate periods than the increasing discount rate periods as evidenced by the significant parameter. 5.2 Discussion This research shows that the change in the discount rate shows overall a mix trend, it can be observed a huge peaks and valleys in the graph. In this research there was no significant relationship found among the announcement of change in discount rate and stock returns. The reason behind this is, other than monetary policy there are lots of other factors that are contributing towards the stock returns in Karachi stock market. Some of these factors are political situation of the country, foreign direct investments, Law and order situation and most importantly exchange rate. Collectively, all these factors are contributing in the stock returns. However, change in the discount rate do impact the stock returns but, not in the short run, in the long run the chances are quite high that it does impact on the stock returns in Karachi Stock market. The reason behind the Long term affect is that, the change in the discount rate affects the profitability of the companies in the next coming qua rters so, immediately the affect in the stock returns are not massive that are in the long run. In this research it has been identified more accurately that if and when the stock market responds to the release of the discount rate change information. More importantly, studying the market volatility and trading volume sheds additional light on the information literature. Equity returns respond negatively and significantly to the unexpected announcements of discount rate changes, while the expected changes generally have no bearing on the equity returns. 5.3 Implementations For practical implementation, this research can be used to analyze the impact of Discount rate Changes on Stock Market Return as The effect of discount rate changes on stock market returns. Equity returns generally respond negatively and significantly to the unexpected announcements; however, the effect of expected changes on equity returns is insignificant. Abnormal trading volume occurs only in period. 5.4 Recommendations Pre-announcement, monetary policy or whatever, stock market does change its state according to the circumstances and events. Pre-announcements are also made as precautions that are for safety announcements for the share holders of the companies. Due to this they can easily draw their amount and will not have to see further more difficulties. Unpredictability or volatility is always there in the market, when the investors just to keep on guessing for the right time to invest and stock holders wait for the right time to buy shares of the companies nd all this process makes things more complicated especially for the investors and then it effects the stock market. CHAPTER 6 REFERNCES Blume, L, 1994, Market statistics and technical analysis, the role of volume. Journal of Finance, 49, 153-181. Ederington, L.H and Lee, J.H, 1993, How markets process information, News releases and volatility, Journal of Finance, 48, 1161-1191. Fama and Kenneth, 1995, Size and book-to-market factors in earnings and returns, Journal of Finance, 50, 131-156. Gerety, M.S and Mulherin, H.J, 1992, Trading halts and market activity, An analysis of volume at the open and the close, Journal of Finance, 47, 1765-1784. Harris, L, 1986, A transaction data study of weekly and intradaily patterns in stock returns, Journal of Financial Economics, 16, 99-117. Hardouvelis, Gikas, 1987, Reserves announcements and interest rates, Does monetary policy matter? Journal of Finance, 42, 407-422. Lee, Bong-Soo, 1992, Causal relations among stock returns, interest rates, real activity, and inflation, Journal of Finance, 47, 1591-1603. Maberly, E.D, 1992, Odd-lot transactions around the turn of the year, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 27, 591-604. Jones, 1994. Information, trading and volatility, Journal of Financial Economics, 36, 127-154. Morse, D, 1981, Price and trading volume reaction surrounding earnings announcements, A closer examination. Journal of Accounting Research 19, 374-383. Marshall and David, 1992, Inflation and asset returns in a monetary economy, Journal of Finance, 47, 1315-1342. Penman, S.H, 1987, The distribution of earnings news over time and seasonalities in aggregate stock returns, Journal of Financial Economics, 18, 199-228. 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Wood, and McInish, 1985, An investigation of transaction data for NYSE stocks, Journal of Finance 60, 723-739. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5676484555090672485.post-39866041416496696612019-11-13T22:05:00.001-08:002019-11-13T22:05:04.106-08:00The Moral Judges of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays The Moral Judges of The Scarlet Letter If human beings are evil, then they can easily appoint themselves as judges, and from their point of view, the decisions they make are moral. These judges try to make themselves look better, by lowering the criminal below their level. These moral judges also try to play God, by selecting, and if they have enough power, executing their decision as a punishment for the crime committed. It is as clear as glass, that these decisions that come from evil beings will also be immoral, and evil. Decisions made by moral judges reflect how much evil they possess within them. Hester had to stand on the scaffold, which was a place for public shame, and had everybody judge her for her crime, committing adultery. This punishment was decided for her by a group men who had political power. These men also thought that they were punishing an evil person, Hester, because she had sinned, and offended God. If that was true, why would a mortal decide, and act as God for God? These men in power made Hester look bad, so people on town would think that they are better than Hester, and because of that they would not sin, or they will too, will be punished. When Hester was standing on the scaffold, she was being judged by everybody, and since humans are evil, than their response towards her were not be positive, but evil. A group of women were talking with each other, and deciding on a punishment for Hester: "'What do we talk of marks and brands, whether on the bodice of her gown, or flesh of her forehead,'" (p. 49). To which another replied "'This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die'" (p. 49). It is a good thing they didn't have any political power. This shows how full of evil these human self appointed judges are, and they do not only judge Hester, they also judge judges' decision. Hawthorne comments this barbarism by describing these judges: "...the ugliest as well as the most pitiless of these self-constituted judges," (p. 49). These evil women set themselves up themselves as moral judges in order to make themselves look like angels, by turning Hester into a devil. bessiewilso49http://www.blogger.com/profile/08416446094708303743noreply@blogger.com0